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• Earthquake


  Weak to violent shaking of the ground produced by the sudden movement of rock materials below the earth's surface

  
• Fault lines


  Cracks on the earth's surface along which smaller plates move or slip against each other
• Active fault


  A fault which has moved within the last 10,000 years
• Focus


  The point inside the earth where the earthquake started, sometimes called the hypocenter
• Epicenter


  The point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus
• Intensity


  The strength of an earthquake as perceived and felt by people in a certain locality, represented by Roman Numerals
• Magnitude


  Proportional to the energy released by an earthquake at the focus, represented by Arabic Numbers

  
• Types of earthquakes


  • Tectonic earthquakes
  • Volcanic earthquakes

  
• Earthquake monitoring system


  • PHIVOLCS operates 108 seismic monitoring stations
  • Seismometers detect and record earthquakes
  • Data sent to PHIVOLCS Data Receiving Center to determine earthquake parameters
  • Earthquake information released once data determined

  
• Factors determining what you feel in an earthquake


  • Magnitude
  • Distance from the fault
  • Local soil condition

  
• Earthquake generators


  • Philippine Mobile Belt
  • West Dipping Subduction Zones
  • East Dipping Subduction Zones
  • Philippine Fault Zone
  • Other Active Faults

  
• Philippine Fault Zone


  • Left-lateral strike-slip fault
  • Approximately 1,200km transecting the Philippine Archipelago from Luzon to Eastern Mindanao
  • Northern Segment: NW Luzon – Lamon Bay
  • Central Segment: Bondoc Peninsula - Leyte
  • Southern Segment: Mindanao to Moluccas

  
• Other active faults


  • Marikina Valley Fault
  • Macolod Corridor
  • Lubang-Verde Passage Fault System
  • Mindoro-Aglubang Fault
  • Sibuyan Sea Fault
  • Legaspi Lineament
  • Tablas Lineament
  • Mindanao Fault
  • Offshore Cebu and Bohol Fault
  • North Bohol Fault
  • Negros Thrust
• Ground rupture


  • Deformation on the ground that marks the intersection of the fault with the Earth's surface
  • Fissuring
  • Displacement of the ground due to movement of the fault
• Ground shaking


  • Disruptive up, down, and sideways vibration of the ground
  • Damage or collapse of structure
  • Liquefaction and/or landslide
• Liquefaction


  • Sediments, especially near bodies of water, behave like liquid similar to quicksand
  • Sinking/tilting of structure above it
  • Sandboil
  • Fissuring
• Earthquake-induced landslide


  • Down slope movement of rocks, soil, and other debris commonly triggered by strong shaking
  • Erosion
  • Burial
  • Blockage of roads and rivers
• Tsunami


  • Series of waves caused commonly by an earthquake under the sea
  • Flooding
  • Coastal erosion
  • Drowning of people
  • Damage to properties
• Earthquake preparedness


  Measures taken at the individual, organizational and societal level to minimize the effects of an earthquake
• What to do BEFORE an earthquake


  1. Know the earthquake hazards in your area

  2. Follow structural design and engineering practices when constructing

  3. Evaluate structural soundness and strengthen/retrofit if necessary

  4. Prepare homes, workplaces, schools

  5. Know location of fire extinguishers, first aid kits, alarms, communication facilities

  6. Prepare emergency supply kit

  7. Familiarize with exit routes

  8. Conduct and participate in regular earthquake drills
• What to do DURING an earthquake

  1. Stay calm

  2. If inside a structurally sound building, stay there and duck, cover, and hold

  3. If outside, move to an open area away from hazards

  4. If in a vehicle, stop and get out
• What to do AFTER an earthquake


  1. Be prepared for aftershocks

  2. Check for injuries, damages, and spills

  3. If evacuating, leave a message and bring emergency supplies

  4. Keep updated on disaster prevention instructions