enzymes ༄ ‧₊˚.

• catalyst: is a substance that can speed up a chemical reaction and is chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction
• enzyme: alters or speeds up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy of the reaction
• enzyme remains chemically unchanged at the end of the reaction
• maltase breaks down maltose to glucose
• amylase digest carbohydrates
• amylase is produced by pancreas & salivary glands
• lipase digests fats into fatty acids & glycerol
• activation energy is the energy needed to start a chemical reaction
• enzymes speeds up the rate of chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy & provides an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy to start a chemical reaction
• anabolic reaction: building up of complex substances from simpler substances
• catabolic reaction: breakdown of complex substances into simpler substances
• minute amounts of enzymes can catalyse a large number of reactions
• enzymes can be reused repeatedly
• enzymes are highly specific in action
• one kind of enzyme will catalyse only one kind of chemical reaction
• enzymatic activity is affected by temperature and pH
• effects of temperature on enzymatic reaction is irreversible
• effects of pH on enzymatic reaction is reversible
• active site: is where substrate molecule will bind with the enzyme molecule & specific 3D shape
• active site: only allows substrate with the complementary shape to bind
• enzyme + substrate = enzyme substrate complex
• enzyme action is specific due to the 3D shape of the substrate molecule and active site being complementary to each other
• as temperature increases up to optimum temperature, rate of reaction increases