prokaryotes

• three domains of prokaryotes

  • domain archaea
  • domain bacteria
  • domain eukarya
• domain archaea - kingdom archaebacteria
• domain bacteria - kingdom eubacteria
• domain eukarya - kingdom protista, plantae, fungi, animalia
• three main parts of prokaryotic cell

  • external
  • cell envelope
  • internal
• parts of the external of prokaryotic cell

  • appendages and glycocalyx
• parts of appendages of prokaryotic cell

  • fimbriae, flagella, pili
• parts of glycocalyx of procell

  • capsule and slime layer
• parts of cell envelope of prokarcell

  • cell wall and cell membrane
• parts of internal of prokarcell (CMARINAE)

  • Cytoplasmic Matrix, Ribosomes, Inclusions, Nucleoid/Chromosome, Actin Cytoskeleton, Endospore
• differences of bacteria and archaea

  • plasma membrane, cell wall, dna replication and gene expression
• bacteria have lipids unbranched and ester linkages, have peptidoglycan, chromosomes are replicated in single origin and mRna is translated to protein
• archaea have lipids unbranched and ether linkages, no peptidoglycan, similar in eukaryotes in dna repli and gene expre
• domain archaea known as ancient bacteria
• the first archaebacteria was dicovered in yellowstone national park hot spings and geysers
• domain archaea is closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria
• domain archaea live in extreme environments like hot springs and salty lakes
• domain archaea are all unicellular
• domain archaea sometimes have flagella for locomotion
• methanogens live in mud at the bottom of lakes and swamps because theres no oxygen
• significance of methanogens are garbage clean up and used as fuel
• methanogens also live in intestinal tract of animals to help break down food
• thermoacidophiles live in the dark and without oxygen
• thermoacidophiles like superheated water with 750 degrees F
• thermoacidophiles like very acidic and chemical soup of hydrogen sulfide
• thermo = temperature and acidophil = acid-loving
• thermoacidophiles like hot springs or geysers
• halophiles live in saltwater with 15 percent concentration
• halo = salt and phil = loving
• halophiles are found in salt flats and evaporation ponds
• halophiles color the areas pinkish-red
• halophiles cant live in below 10% salt conce
• bright red carotenoid pigment called bacterioruberin protects the cell from solar radiation
• bacterioruberin is used to produce own ATP
• bacteriorhodopsin use sunlight for energy
• formal groups of domain archaea are crenarcheota, euyarchaeota, nanoarcheota
• crenarcheota are desulfurococales, barophilic hyperthermophiles and sulfolobales
• desurfurococcales lack cell walls and reduce sulfur at higher temp
• desulforococcus mobilis are in hot springs and ignicoccus islandicus are marine organisms
• barophilic hyperthermophiles grow near hydrothermal vents on the oceans floor