FS 110 LE 2 (Module 4.4)

• Solid waste


  All discarded household waste, commercial waste, non-hazardous institutional and industrial waste, street sweepings, construction debris, agricultural waste, and other nonhazardous/ non-toxic solid waste

  
• R.A. 9003 was enacted on January 26, 2001 as a response to the pressing problem of solid waste management in the country

  
• R.A. 9003


  An Act that provides for a systematic, comprehensive, and ecological solid waste management program to ensure the protection of public health and the environment

  
• DENR Administrative Order (DAO) No. 2001-34 outlines the Implementing Rules and Regulations (IRR) of R.A. 9003
• National institutions responsible for implementing ecological SWM


  • NSWMC
  • National Ecology Center
  • DENR-EMB
  • DENR
• NSWMC


  • Main function is to oversee the implementation of Solid Waste Management plans and prescribe policies for the attainment of R.A. 9003 objectives

  
• National Ecology Center


  • Main role is to provide technical expertise, information, training and networking services in the implementation of R.A. 9003
• DENR-EMB


  • Mandated by R.A. 9003 to provide secretariat support to the NSWMC in implementing the SWM plans
• DENR


  • Tasked to perform additional functions for the furtherance of the Act's objectives
  • Has visitorial powers including access to all records and right of entry, inspection, and investigation
• Local institutions responsible for implementing ecological SWM


  • Local Government Units
  • Solid Waste Management Board (SWMB)

  
• Local Government Units


  • Mainly responsible for implementing and enforcing the provisions of R.A. 9003 within their respective jurisdictions
• Solid Waste Management Board (SWMB)


  • Mandated to be established in each local government unit
  • Directed to formulate a solid waste management plan for their respective area of jurisdiction

  
• Solid waste management


  All activities pertaining to the control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, treatment and processing, and disposal of solid wastes in accordance with the best principles of public health, economics, engineering, conservation, aesthetic and other environmental considerations

  
• Waste generation


  The act or process of producing solid waste
• Waste characterization (or Waste analysis and characterization)


  • Identification of constituent materials which comprise the solid waste generated and disposed of within an area

  
• R.A. 9003 requires LGUs to conduct a Waste Analysis and Characterization Study (WACS) as part of their SWM plan preparation

  
• The information obtained from WACS is important in determining appropriate measures to manage solid waste

  
• Storage


  Interim containment of solid waste after generation and prior to collection for ultimate recovery or disposal

  
• Good storage system


  • Must isolate the wastes from the environment to prevent health hazards and aid in the collection process
  • Proper waste segregation during storage is essential to reduce the burden of segregation during the processing stage
• Waste storage containers


  • Metal cans
  • Plastic cans
  • Plastic bags
  • Special containers for mechanized collection
  • Sacks
  • Baskets

  
• R.A. 9003 mandates wastes from household, institutional, industrial, commercial, and agricultural sources to be segregated at source
• R.A. 9003 requires separate containers for each type of waste that are properly labelled for onsite collection

  
• Waste collection


  The act of removing solid waste from the source or from a communal storage point
• R.A. 9003 states that the collection of biodegradable/compostable and reusable/recyclable wastes should be conducted at the barangay level

  
• R.A. 9003 states that the collection of non recyclable (residual) and special wastes should be conducted at the city/municipality level

  
• R.A. 9003 requires all collectors and other personnel dealing directly with solid waste collection to be provided with necessary training and equipped with personal protective equipment

  
• Transfer stations


  Centralized facilities where waste is unloaded from several small collection vehicles and loaded into a larger vehicle for hauling a treatment facility or disposal site

  
• R.A. 9003 requires separate collection schedules and/or separate trucks for specific types of wastes

  
• R.A. 9003 stipulates that vehicles used for collection and transport of solid wastes must be designed appropriately and should contain proper identification

  
• R.A. 9003 requires transfer stations to be designed and operated for efficient waste handling capacity and in compliance with environmental standards and guidelines set pursuant to the Act and other regulations

  
• Solid waste processing


  Changes the physical, chemical, or biological properties of solid waste for easier transfer, resource recovery, or disposal
• Methods of solid waste processing


  • Mechanical
  • Thermal
  • Biological

  
• Mechanical processing


  • Utilizes mechanical processes that employ compression, tension, and shearing to reduce the volume of solid waste
• Mechanical processing


  • Shredding
  • Baling
• Thermal processing


  • Applies heat to reduce the volume of solid waste, transform solid waste into a stable and usable end-product, and recover energy
• Thermal processing


  • Incineration
• Solid waste incineration facilities


  • Contain waste delivery, bunker and feeding system
  • Combustion system
  • Boiler to convert heat of combustion to usable energy
  • Air pollution control (APC) system
  • Ash handling system
• Biological processing


  • Utilize living organisms that degrade biodegradable waste to reduce solid waste volume, produce a stable end-product, and recover resources
• Biological processing


  • Composting
• R.A. 9003 mandates the Department of Agriculture to publish an inventory of existing markets and demands for composts within six (6) months after the Act's effectivity