STS Historical Antecedents Part 2

• DEVELOPMENT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE PHILIPPINES


  Shaped by several factors and influences. Shaped by human and social activities, both internal and external.
• THE PRE-SPANISH PERIOD


  Archeological findings showed that modern man from Asian mainland first came over land on across narrow channels to live in Batangas and Palawan about 48,000 BC. Produced adzes ornament of seashells and pottery that prosper for 2,000 years until competition arrived with the Chinese porcelains.
• IRON AGE


  Lasted until the 3rd century BC to 11th century AD. Filipinos were involved in ore mining such as copper, gold, bronze, and iron.
• BABAYLANS OR KATALONA


  Filipino priestesses that acted as mediums to communicate with the spirits.
• BARONG TAGALOG


  Dress of the Tagalog. Already existed in the Pre-Spanish Period according to Historians. Worn by the natives of Ma-I which was what the Philippines was known before.
• Men


  Sleeve-doublet made of Canga (rough cotton) that reached slightly below the waist. It is collarless with a front opening. Loins were covered with a pane that hung between legs and mid-thigh.
• Women


  Sleeve dress but shorter than men's. Wore pane attached to the waist and reaching to the feet accented by a colorful belt. Materials used is of fine linen or Indian Muslin.
• Visayan Men


  Wore a jacket with a Moorish style robe that was embroidered with beautiful colors. Wore gold jewelry and other accessories. Had tattoos to beautify their bodies.
• PUTONG


  Narrow strip of cloth. Tagalog and Visayan men bound their temples and forehead with this.
• SCIENCE


  In pre-Spanish Philippines, is embedded in the way of life of the people. Observed in the way they interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to predict seasons and climates and organizing days into months and years.
• SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE


  Observed in the way they plant their crops that provide them food, in taking care of animals, and food production.
• BANAUE RICE TERRACES


  Among the sophisticated products of engineering by pre-Spanish era Filipinos.
• METHOD OF WRITING


  Use of sharp-pointed tools, leaves, bamboo and trunk's skin. Write from top to bottom and read it from left to right.
• ALIBATA


  Script that is different from China, Japan, and India.
• CARACOA


  A refined plank-built warship built by the early Filipinos. Well-suited for inter-island trades.
• SPANISH PERIOD


  Introduced formal education and founded scientific institution.
• Friars


  Spanish priests who established parochial schools linked with the churches to teach catechisms to the natives.
• UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS


  Oldest university in Asia.
• GALLEON TRADE


  Brought additional technology and development in the Philippines. Allowed other ideas, crops, tools, cultural practices, technology, and Western practices to reach Philippines.
• PHILIPPINES


  One of the centers of global trade in Southeast Asia during the time. Considered to be one of the most developed places in the region.
• AMERICANS


  Have more influence in the development of science and technology in the Philippines compared to the Spaniards. Used education as a vehicle for its benevolent assimilation program.
• AMERICAN SOLDIERS


  Were the First Teachers.Resorted damaged schoolhouses and built new ones and conducted classes.
• Thomasites


  trained Filipino teachers to replace the American soldiers.
• AMERICAN PERIOD


  Established the public education system. Established a modern research university, the University of the Philippines.
• SCIENCE EDUCTAION


  Focuses on nature studies and science and sanitation.
• BUREAU OF GOVERNMENT LABORATORIES


  Established on July 1, 1901. Dealt with the study of tropical diseases and laboratory projects.
• SCIENCE ACT OF 1958


  Established the National Science Development Board (NSDB).
• 1973 PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTION ARTICLE XV SECTION 9


  Advancement of science and technology shall have priority in the national development.
• Ramon Cabanos Barba


  Outstanding research on tissue culture in Philippine mangoes. Developed a process that caused the flowering and fruiting of mango trees three times a year. Became a national scientist in the Philippines for his distinguished achievements in the file of plant physiology.
• Josefino Cacas Comiso


  Works on observing the characteristics of Antartica by using satellite images. Achievements with NASA include space-based assessments of surface temperature, tracking sea ice distribution, and observation of phytoplankton blooms.
• Jose Bejar Cruz Jr.


  Known internationally in the field of electrical engineering. Elected as officer of the famous Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Made major contributions to the theory and practice of automatic control.
• Lourdes Jansuy Cruz


  Research on sea snail venom. Filipino biochemist whose research has contributed to the understanding of the biochemistry of toxic peptides from the venom of fish-hunting Conus marine snails.
• Fabian Millar Dayrit


  Research on herbal medicine. Oustanding scientific researchers in the field of chemistry, spectroscopy and environmental science.
• Rafael Dineros Guerrerro III


  Research on tilapia culture. Recognized for his pioneering work on tilapia sex reversal technology.
• Enrique Mapua Ostrea Jr.


  Inventing the meconium drugs testing. A neonatologist known for his contributions to the field of pediatrics, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and neonatal drug addiction.
• Lilian Formalejo Patena


  Research on plant biotechnology. Filipino scientist who discovered a breed of calamansi and seedless pomelo. Discovered micropropagation and inventor of leaf-bud cutting in cassava.
• Mari-Jo Panganiban Ruiz


  Outstanding educator and graph theorist. Filipina mathematician and currently a professor emeritus of mathematics at ADMU.
• Gregory Ligot Tangonan


  Research in the field of communications techonology. Pioneered integrated waveguide detectors, bragg modulators, andg= glass-based couplers for wavelength multiplexing and coupling.
• Ceasar A. Saloma


  internationally renowned physicist.
• Edgardo Gomez


  famous scientist in marine science.