Kines 202 - Final

• Shoulder girdle


  Clavicle, scapula
• Clavicle


  • Only bony connection of the shoulder girdle to axial skeleton at sternoclavicular joint
  • Most frequently fractured bone in the body
• Acromion of shoulder


  Connects to manubrium of sternum
• Mechanism of injury (MOI) for clavicular fractures

  • Falling laterally on shoulder
  • Falling on outstretched hand (FOOSH)
• Location of clavicular fractures

  Middle third
• Joints that make up the shoulder joint complex

  • Glenohumeral
  • Sternoclavicular
  • Acromioclavicular
  • Scapulothoracic
• Motions that occur in the glenohumeral joint


  • Flexion/extension (sagittal)
  • Abduction/adduction (frontal)
  • Internal/external rotation (transverse)
  • Horizontal abduction/adduction (transverse)
• Ligaments that support the sternoclavicular joint


  • Interclavicular
  • Sternoclavicular
  • Costoclavicular
• Ligaments that support the acromioclavicular joint

  • Acromioclavicular
  • Coracoclavicular
  • Coracoacromial
• Acromioclavicular ligament


  Attaches acromion to clavicle
• Coracoclavicular (trapezoid) ligament


  Attaches coracoid process to trapezoid line
• Coracoclavicular (conoid) ligament


  Attaches coracoid process to conoid process
• Coracoacromial ligament


  Attaches coracoid process to acromion
• Ligaments that support the glenohumeral joint


  • Coracohumeral
  • Glenohumeral
• Coracohumeral ligament


  Attaches coracoid process to greater tubercle of humerus
• Glenohumeral ligament


  Attaches glenoid fossa to lesser tubercle of humerus
• Shoulder separation


  Acromioclavicular or coracoclavicular ligament is sprained via a posteriorly directed force on the scapular
• Shoulder dislocation


  Humeral head pops out of the glenoid fossa due to harsh contact force
• Rotator cuff muscles


  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
• Sternoclavicular joint


  Multiaxial, arthrodial gliding joint
• Acromioclavicular joint


  Multiaxial, plane synovial gliding joint
• Glenoid labrum


  Fibrocartilage around the rim of the glenoid fossa
• Glenohumeral joint


  • Muscular support and contains rotator cuff
• Motions that occur in the scapular


  • Elevation/depression (frontal)
  • Protraction/retraction (frontal)
  • Upward/downward rotation (frontal)
• Scapulothoracic muscles


  • Pectoralis minor
  • Serratus anterior
  • Trapezius
  • Levator scapulae
  • Rhomboid major
  • Rhomboid minor
  • Subclavius
• Scapulothoracic muscles


  Muscles that typically originate in thoracic region and insert on scapula
• Pectoralis minor


  Originates on ribs, inserts on coracoid process of scapular, performs scapular depression and downward rotation, innervates medial pectoral nerve
• Serratus anterior


  Originates on ribs, inserts on medial scapula, performs scapular protraction, innervates long thoracic nerve
• Trapezius


  Originates on ligamentum nuchae and spine, inserts to clavicle/acromion/spine of scapula, performs elevation/retraction/depression, innervates spinal accessory nerve
• Levator scapulae


  Originates on spine, inserts on superior border of scapula, performs elevation, innervates dorsal scapular nerve
• Rhomboid major AND minor


  Originates on spine, inserts on medial scapula, performs retraction (adduction), innervates dorsal scapular nerve
• Subclavius


  Originates on rib 1, inserts on inferior clavicle, performs clavicular depression, innervates nerve to subclavius
• Scapulohumeral muscles


  • Supraspinatus
  • Infraspinatus
  • Teres minor
  • Subscapularis
  • Teres major
  • Deltoid
  • Coracobrachialis
  • Biceps brachii
  • Triceps brachii
• Supraspinatus


  Originates on supraspinous fossa of scapula, inserts on greater tubercle of humerus, performs shoulder abduction, innervates suprascapular nerve
• Infraspinatus


  Originates on infraspinous fossa of scapula, inserts on greater tubercle of humerus, performs shoulder external rotation, innervates suprascapular nerve
• Teres minor


  Originates on inferior lateral scapula, inserts on greater tubercle of humerus, performs shoulder external rotation, innervates axillary nerve
• Subscapularis


  Originates on subscapular fossa of scapula, inserts on lesser tubercle of humerus, performs shoulder internal rotation, innervates subscapular nerve
• Teres major


  Originates on posterior inferior scapula, insert son intertubercular groove of humerus, performs shoulder internal rotation/extension/adduction, innervates subscapular nerve
• Deltoid


  Originates on scapular spine/acromion, inserts on deltoid tuberosity of humerus, performs flexion/abduction/internal/external rotation, innervates axillary nerve
• Coracobrachialis


  Originates on coracoid process of scapula, inserts on medial shaft of humerus, performs shoulder flexion/adduction, innervates musculocutaneous nerve