Classification of Volatile Oils

• Classification of Volatile oils:

  1. Hydrocarbon
  2. Alcohol
  3. Aldehyde
  4. Ketone
  5. Phenol
  6. Phenolic-Ether
  7. Oxide
  8. Ester
• Hydrocarbon:

  1. Turpentine
• Alcohol:

  1. Peppermint
  2. Coriander Oil
  3. Cardamom Oil
  4. Rose Oil
  5. Orange Oil flower/Neroli Oil
  6. Juniper Oil
  7. Pine Oil
• Aldehyde:

  1. Cinnamon
  2. Lemon Peel Oil
  3. Sweet Orange Oil
  4. Citronella Oil
  5. Hamamelis Oil
• Ketone:

  1. Camphor
  2. Spearmint
  3. Caraway
  4. Buchu
  5. Wormwood/Absence Oil
  6. Cedar Leaf oil
• Phenol

  1. Thyme
  2. Clove
  3. Creosote Oil
  4. Juniper tar/Cade Oil
• Phenolic-Ether

  1. Nutmeg/Myristica Oil
  2. Anise
  3. Fennel
  4. Chinese Star Anise
• Oxide:

  1. Eucalyptus Oil
• Ester:

  1. Gaultheria
  2. Lavender
  3. Pine Needle
• Turpentine


  alpha and beta - pinene

  rectified turpentine oil (stimulant expectorant)

  terpinol/terpinhydrate (HNO3 + rectified turpentine oil)
• Peppermint


  levo (-) natural menthol

  dextro (+) synthetic menthol

  use: counter-irritant
• Coriander Oil


  Linalool
• Rose oil


  geraniol, nerol
• Orange oil flower/Neroli Oil


  Linalool
• Juniper Oil


  Borneol (odinil) - diuretic
• Pine oil 


  Alpha - terpinol, pinene

  uses: anti-eczema, disinfectant, deodorant
• Cinnamon


  Cassia oil

  cinnamaldehyde
• Lemon Peel Oil


  Citral, limonene

  type: terebinthinate; terpene less
• Sweet orange oil


  decanal, limonene
• Citronella Oil


  insect repellant
• Hamamelis Oil


  2-hexanal

  anti-hemorrhoidal
• Camphor


  (+) natural

  (-) synthetic

  an example of eutectic mixture: camphor + menthol
• Spearmint


  (-) carvone
• Caraway


  (+) carvone
• Buchu


  Diosphenol

  menstrual problem
• Wormwood/Absence Oil


  Thujone
• Cedar Leaf Oil


  Thujone, Fenchone
• Thyme


  thymol

  anti-fungal and anti-bacterial
• Clove


  rich in eugenol

  used in toothache drops with capsicum

  was used as dental anesthesia/analgesic
• Juniper Tar/Cade Oil


  cadinone

  anti-eczema
• Nutmeg/Myristica Oil


  used in tachycardia, xerostomia, flushing

  has hallucinogen
• Anise


  trans-anethole, anisaldehyde
• Fennel


  trans-anethole, fenchone
• Chinese Star Anise


  trans-anethole
• Eucalyptus Oil


  cajuput oil

  cineole eucalyptol

  cineole
• Gaultheria


  Betula lenta

  oil of wintergreen

  Betula/ sweet birch oil

  Methyl salicylate

  counter-irritant
• Lavender


  linalyl acetate
• Pine needle


  bornyl acetate