CPHM112: NUTRITION

• Macronutrients

  • Proteins
  • Carbohydrates
  • Fats
• Macronutrients:

  • provides calories and energy
  • must be large amount to carry out the function
• Micronutrients

  • Vitamins
  • Minerals
• Vitamins: Energy, Immune, Blood-clotting functions
• Minerals: growth, bone health, fluid balance
• 3 Basic Food Groups

  1. Body-building foods
  2. Energy-giving food
  3. Body-regulating foods
• Body-building foods

  • foods that makes the body grow
  • foods rich in protein, iodine, iron and vitamin b
• Energy-giving food

  • foods that give energy
  • rich in carbohydrate, fats
  • example: potato, bread, butter, corn, cassava, coconut milk
• Body-regulating Food

  • keeps the organ working and in good condition
  • helps in fighting common illness
  • rich in vitamins and minerals
• Carbohydrates

  • main source of energy
  • modulates the production of insulin, hormones
  • synthesis of lipoprotein and cholesterol
• Major types of dietary carbohydrates

  • Starch
  • Sugar
  • Fiber
• Dietary Fiber

  • provides bulk
  • modulates the peristalsis movement
  • prevents constipation
  • has 2 kinds: soluble and insoluble
• Soluble

  • dissolves in water to form gel within the digestive tract
  • serves to slow the rate at which the food passes
  • beans, legumes, fruits, apple, grains oats and barley,
• Insoluble

  • Lowering effects
  • increase production of short-chain fatty acids by fermentation in the large intestine
  • Increases bulk in the GI tract
  • promotes GI motility, hastening movement of gut contents
  • vegetables and whole wheat grains
• Protein

  • Essential for growth and repair of body tissues
  • constitute the major part of the body's building block
  • Vital in the regulation of body processes
• Kwashiorkor Malnutrition

  • Deficient in protein
  • Ages 6 months and 3 years old
  • Subcutaneous fat is PRESERVED
  • Oedema is PRESENT
  • ENLARGED fatty liver
  • Ribs are NOT very prominent
  • Lethargic
  • Poor appetite
  • Needs adequate amount of protein
• Marasmus Malnutrition

  • Deficient in protein and calories
  • Infants under 1 years old
  • Subcutaneous fat is NOT PRESERVED
  • Oedema is ABSENT
  • NO fatty liver
  • Ribs VERY PROMINENT
  • Alert and Irritable
  • Severe muscle wasting
  • Needs adequate amount of Protein, Carbohydrates, and Fats
• Fats

  • Essential nutrients, beneficial if consumes in the right amount
  • Concentrated source of energy
  • provides essential fatty acid
  • Helps absorb and store fat-soluble vitamins
• Fat-Soluble Vitamins:

  VITAMIN A: Vision

  VITAMIN D: Calcium, activated by sunlight

  VITAMIN E: Antioxidant

  VITAMIN K: Clotting Factor
• Water-Soluble Vitamins

  B1 deficiency: cardiac imm disease

  B4-B12 deficiency: anemia and megaloblastic anemia
• VITAMINS

  • Organic compound essential in the diet for normal growth and maintenance of life
  • Active in the regulation and metabolism and transformation of energy
  • Concentrated with intracellular respiration, providing chemical groupings,
  • Essential for intracellular oxidations and reductions
• TRACE MINERALS

  Iodine: regulates physical and mental development and metabolic rate
• TRACE MINERALS

  Iron: essential in the formation of blood, prevents anemia
• TRACE ELEMENT

  Zinc: essential for normal growth and development of immunity
• TRACE MINERAL

  Copper: necessary for absorption and use of iron in the formation of hemoglobin
• TRACE MINERAL

  Fluoride: involves in the formation of bones and teeth
• TRACE MINERAL

  Chromium: work with insulin and is required for release of energy from glucose
• Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

  • are level of daily intake of energy and essential nutrients
  • adequate to maintain health
  • promote reasonable levels of reserves in the body tissues
  • depends on size, age, sex, physiological state, and physical activity