Section A - Identity

• What sociological perspective is associated with Bordieu?

  Marxism
• Who is associated with the study of women in sociology?


  Skeggs
• What are the three main class systems mentioned?

  Fixed, Important, Changing
• What are the key concepts of Fixed / Important Identity in Class?

  • Marxism; Bordieu
  • Skeggs; women
  • Class Systems
• What are the key concepts of Changing / Unimportant Identity in Class?

  • Postmodernism; Pakulski + Walters / Polhemus
  • Functionalism; rise of meritocracy
  • Offe; job for life gone
• Who studied infantilisation in relation to age?

  Hockey + James
• What age is associated with Bradley's study on age?

  Middle Age
• What negative representation is associated with Corner's study on age?

  Negative media representation
• What are the key concepts of Fixed / Important Identity in Age?

  • Hockey + James; Infantilisation
  • Bradley; Middle Age is better (elderly = burden, youth = rebels)
  • Corner; Negative media rep
• What are the key concepts of Changing / Unimportant Identity in Age?

  • Postman; death of childhood
  • Postmodernism - cosmeticisation
  • Featherstone + Hepworth; age = fluid
• Who linked crime to masculinity in gender studies?

  Messerschmidt
• What family structure is associated with Functionalism in gender studies?

  Nuclear Family roles
• What concept did Ann Oakley study in relation to gender?

  Socialisation - Canalisation
• What are the key concepts of Fixed / Important Identity in Gender?

  • Messerschmidt; crime = male
  • Functionalism; Nuclear Family roles
  • Ann Oakley; Socialisation - Canalisation
• What are the key concepts of Changing / Unimportant Identity in Gender?

  • Jackson / Denscombe; Ladettes + risk taking
  • Metrosexual males; David Beckham
  • Campaigns for Men's Mental Health
• Who studied family values in relation to ethnicity?

  Ghuman
• What issue did Modood address in his study on ethnicity?

  Difficulties adapting to 2 identities
• What identity did Jacobson study post 9/11?

  Pakistani Boys adopting Islamic identity
• What are the key concepts of Fixed / Important Identity in Ethnicity?

  • Ghuman; family values passed down (Asian)
  • Modood; difficulties adapting to 2 identities
  • Jacobson; Pakistani Boys adopt strong Islamic identity post 9/11
• What are the key concepts of Changing / Unimportant Identity in Ethnicity?

  • Nayak; white wannabes
  • Johal + Brah; brasians - cultural code-switching
  • Postmodernism; Americanisation (McDonald's, globalisation)
• Who studied British socialisation into values?

  Schuden
• What concept did Functionalism address in relation to nationality?

  Socialised into British values in school
• What extreme belief is associated with patriotism in nationality studies?

  Superiority/pride in country
• What are the key concepts of Fixed / Important Identity in Nationality?

  • Schuden; British socialised into British values
  • Functionalism; socialised into British values in school
  • Patriotism; extreme belief of superiority/pride in country
• What are the key concepts of Changing / Unimportant Identity in Nationality?

  • Anderson; imagined community
  • Sadar; global identity crisis
  • Kumar; British nationality = elusive
• Who studied the Medical and Social Model of disability?

  Shakespeare
• What concept did Becker study in relation to disability?

  Labelling - Learned Helplessness
• What concept did Goffman study in relation to disability?

  Othering
• What are the key concepts of Fixed / Important Identity in Disability?

  • Shakespeare; Medical Model
  • Becker; Labelling - Learned Helplessness
  • Goffman; Othering
• What are the key concepts of Changing / Unimportant Identity in Disability?

  • Media representation; 'meet the superhumans'
  • Murugami; disability doesn't define them
  • Shift from Medical model -> Social Model (Shakespeare)
• Who argued that homosexual females are a threat to patriarchy?

  Rich
• What concept did Weeks study in relation to sexuality?

  Sexuality = important to LGBT
• What role did McIntosh study in relation to sexuality?

  Homosexual role
• What are the key concepts of Fixed / Important Identity in Sexuality?

  • Rich; females forced into heterosexual relationships -> homosexual females = threat to patriarchy
  • Weeks; sexuality = important to LGBT
  • McIntosh; homosexual role
• What are the key concepts of Changing / Unimportant Identity in Sexuality?

  • 2010 equality act / 2014 gay marriage rights
  • Changing demographic; no longer illegal
  • Liberal education; LGBTQ+ taught to children