UNIT 6 COUNSELING APPROACHES/TECHNIQUES

• Directive Counselling


  Prescriptive counselling, counsellor-centered where the counsellor directs the client to take steps to resolve conflicts
• Non-Directive Counselling


  Client-centered process where the counsellor creates an atmosphere for the client to work out their own problem, also known as permissive counselling
• Eclectic Counselling


  A combination of directive and non-directive counselling, where the counsellor follows a middle course and is neither too active nor too passive
• Steps of Directive Counselling


  1. Analysis

  2. Synthesis

  3. Diagnosis

  4. Prognosis

  5. Counselling

  6. Follow up
• Analysis


  • Data collection from various sources to understand the client
• Synthesis


  • Organizing and summarizing the data to find the client's assets, liabilities, adjustments and maladjustments
• Diagnosis


  • Formulating conclusions about the nature and causes of the client's problems
• Prognosis


  • Predicting the future development of the client's problem
• Counselling

  • Taking steps with the client to bring about adjustment and readjustment
• Follow-up


  • Helping the client with new problems or recurrences, and determining the effectiveness of the counselling
• Steps of Non-Directive Counselling


  1. Defining the problematic situation

  2. Free expression of feelings

  3. Development of insight

  4. Classification of positive and negative feelings

  5. Termination of counselling situation
• Eclectic Counselling


  • Methods change from client to client, highly flexible, freedom of choice and expression for both counsellor and client, mutual confidence and faith in the relationship
• Goals are specific statements that describe what the client wants to accomplish through counseling.
• Counseling involves helping clients identify their goals, values, beliefs, attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that are causing them distress or preventing them from achieving what they want.
• The counselor's role is to facilitate the client's exploration, clarification, and resolution of problems.
• Counseling involves helping clients identify their goals and develop strategies to achieve them.
• Clients may be experiencing emotional pain, confusion, anxiety, depression, stress, relationship difficulties, low self-esteem, lack of direction, or other issues.
• The process of goal setting is important because it helps clients clarify their needs, desires, and aspirations, as well as understand how these relate to their current circumstances.
• Counselors use various techniques such as active listening, empathy, reflection, questioning, challenging assumptions, providing feedback, and goal setting to assist clients in resolving their concerns.
• Setting clear and achievable goals can also increase motivation and focus on the desired outcome.
• Counseling can involve exploring past experiences, identifying patterns of behavior, developing coping skills, learning new perspectives, and making positive changes.
• In addition, identifying obstacles and challenges along the way can lead to more effective strategies for overcoming them.
• Counselors use various techniques such as active listening, empathy, reflection, questioning, feedback, goal setting, problem solving, cognitive restructuring, behavioral modification, mindfulness, relaxation, visualization, and positive reinforcement to assist clients in addressing these concerns.