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Science 8 - 4th Quarter
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Cards (48)
Typhoon
It is a
mature
tropical
cyclone
.
General: intense
low-pressure
wind system with
heavy
rain
Max. surface wind =
118-220
kph
Hurricane
North Atlantic
Ocean,
(North portion)
Eastern
and
Central
Pacific Ocean
Typhoon
Northwest
Pacific Ocean
Tropical
Cyclones
South
(
western
)
Pacific
Ocean
Indian
Ocean
Tropical
Depression
(TD)
Max. Surface Wind = up to
60
kph
Tropical
Storm
(TS)
Max. Surface Wind =
61-88
kph
Severe Tropical
Storm (STS)
Max. Surface Wind =
89-117 kph
Typhoon
(TY)
Max. Surface Wind =
118-220
kph
Super
Typhoon
(STY)
Max. Surface Wind = more than
220
kph
Eye
center; calmest part
Eyewall
around eye; strongest winds & rains
Rainbands
areas of rainfall; composed of inner and outer
Conditions
to Form Typhoon
C-luster
of thunderstorms
W-arm
ocean water
C-onverging
winds
R-otation
of earth
Landfall
when a typhoon moves over land
RESULT: it becomes weaker
PAGASA
(Philippine
Atmospheric
, Geophysical &
Astronomical
Services
Administration
)
Duties
:
Names
tropical cyclones
Weather forecasts
Scientific estimate of future weather condition
Cloudiness,
rainfall
&
wind
Sharing
other
weather-related
information
Signal
No. #
1
Lead time:
36
Winds:
30-60
Impact: None-light
School Suspension:
Preschool
Signal No. : #
2
Lead Time:
24
Winds:
61-120
Impact:
Light-moderate
School Suspension: Preschool,
Elementary
& Secondary
Signal
No. : #
3
Lead Time:
24
Winds:
121-170
Impact:
Moderate-Heavy
School Suspension:
All Levels
Signal
No. : #
4
Lead Time:
18
Winds:
171-220
Impact:
Heavy-Very Heavy
School Suspension:
All Levels
Signal
No. : #
5
Lead Time:
12
Winds: More than
220
Impact: Very
Heavy
-
Widespread
School Suspension:
All
Levels
YELLOW
WARNING
Within
1
hr:
7.5-15mm
rain
Continue in next hrs
Flooding
is possible.
Monitor weather
condition
ORANGE
WARNING
Within
1
hr:
15-30mm
rain
Continue in
2
hrs
Flooding
is
threatening.
Be alert for possible
evacuation
RED
WARNING
Within
1
hr:
More than
30mm
rain
Continue in next
2hrs
Serious
flooding
is expected.
Evacuate
and
pack
important things
Signs of Approaching Typhoon
(
Increasing
) W-ave height &
frequency
(
Increasing
) C-loudiness
F-alling air
pressure
H-eavy
rainfall
Philippine
Area of
Responsibility
(
PAR
)
Boundary nearest to
Philippine
islands
If typhoons enter the PAR, it will affect our
country
Includes
Taiwan
Coordinates:
5°N
,
115°E
15°N ,
115°E
21°N
, 120°E
25°N,
120°E
25°N
, 135°E
5°N,
135°E
Astrology
Belief that the
position
of objects in space affect people’s
personality
and lives
Astronomy
Study of
everything
in the universe beyond Earth’s
atmosphere
Uses of Constellations
Constellation : groups of stars.
BEFORE
Religion
Believed to be their God’s way of telling stories
Ex: the Star of Bethlehem
Calendar & Navigation Tool
Used to know when to plant crops and harvest them
NOW
Landmark
Since they’re in a fixed location: they are used as landmarks
Comets
Definition
Orbits the sun
Made up of ice, rock & dust
Greek: kometes = “long-haired star”
frozen leftovers from the formation of solar system
Nicknames
Dirty snowballs
Fossils of the solar system
Beliefs
Appearance of a comet is a sign of destructive & tragic events
Philippines
: bad luck
Classification
Long-Period
Oort
Cloud
Short-Period
Kuiper
Belt
Nucleus
solid
center
Made of rock,
dust
,
ice
Coma
cloudlike; around
nucleus
Formed when
ice-
>
gas
as the
comet
gets closer to
sun
Tails
Dust
Tail
Sun’s
radiation pushes dust away from coma
Ion
Tail
Sun’s charged particles convert the comet’s
gas
->
ions
Meteoroid
Definition
Orbits the sun
Small chunk of rock/metal
Comes from asteroids or comets
Greek: meteoros = “high in the air”
Beliefs
When you make a wish upon a meteor, it would come
true
Philippines
: bad luck
Types
of
Meteoroids
STONY
Rocky silicates
(
75
%
-90
%)
With
minerals
Types of Meteoroids
IRON
Mix
of
metal
Nickel
and
iron
Types of
Meteoroids
STONY IRON
Mix of metal and rock
Combo of stony + iron meteoroids
Meteoroid
-
Space
debris
- Rocky & metallic; found in
outer
space
Meteor
Enters Earth’s
atmosphere
Burns
up and creates streak of
light
Meteorite
Reaches
Earth’s
surface
Asteroid
Defenition
Orbits the sun
(small/large) rocky object
Greatly varies in size
Responsible for wiping out most of the dinosaur species
Greek: asteroeides =
“starlike”
Remnants of the
formation
of solar system
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