International Development Geography Y8

• Development


  The use of resources to improve the standard of living and the quality of life of a nation
• Standard of living


  The level of wealth and resources facilities available to people
• Quality of life


  The general well-being of a person or society defined in terms of health and happiness
• Development is all about change. It is not just getting richer or having more possessions. All countries in the world want to develop but some are developing more slowly than others. Some are even going backwards. Development is not always a good thing for everyone. Development is about improving the lives of people.
• Development Indicators


  • Life expectancy
  • Birth rate
  • Death rate
  • % of adult literacy
  • GDP per capita (Gross Domestic Product)
  • Infant Mortality Rate
  • Population growth
  • Population per doctor
  • % of children who go to school
  • % in agriculture
  • Calories consumed per person per day
  • HDI (Human Development Index)
• High/Low Indicator


  Whether a high or low value of the indicator shows a more developed country
• There is not a single way to calculate the level of development of a country. Geographers use a series of development indicators to compare the development of one country to another.
• Indicator


  A piece of data that helps to show how developed a country is
• GDP per capita is only an economic measure and does not take into account any other aspect of development. It is only an average, therefore there could be areas of the country which are very rich and very poor but this figure does not show this.
• HDI (Human Development Index)


  A composite indicator of development made up of GNI per capita, number of years schooling, and life expectancy
• HDI ranges


  0.8-1 = high, 0.4-0.7 = low
• Sectors of the Economy


  • Primary sector
  • Secondary sector
  • Tertiary sector
  • Quaternary sector
• Primary sector


  People work with or get raw materials from the land or sea
• Secondary sector


  People take raw materials and turn them into something
• Tertiary sector


  People carry out a service for others
• Quaternary sector


  Highly skilled people using their knowledge
• Resources


  Something that has a value or a purpose, such as food, water and energy
• Resource insecurity


  Lack of resources like food, water and energy
• The Millennium Development Goals were set up by the UN in 2000 with the aim of maintaining international sustainability and development.
• Millennium Development Goals


  • Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
  • Promote education
  • Promote gender equality
  • Reduce child mortality
  • Improve maternal health
  • Combat preventable diseases
  • Ensure environmental sustainability
  • Develop global partnership
• The Sustainable Development Goals are the new version of the MDGs and are aimed to be achieved by 2030.
• Sustainable Development Goals


  • No Poverty
  • Zero Hunger
  • Good Health and Well-Being
  • Quality Education
  • Gender Equality
  • Clean Water and Sanitation
  • Affordable and Clean Energy
  • Decent Work and Economic Growth
  • Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure
  • Reduced Inequalities
  • Sustainable Cities and Communities
  • Responsible Consumption and Production
  • Climate Action
  • Life Below Water
  • Life on Land
  • Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions
  • Partnerships for the Goals
• SDG 1: Eradicate Poverty


  • Eradicate extreme poverty (people who live on less than $1.25 a day)
  • Reduce at least half the population of all ages who are living in poverty
  • Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems
  • Ensure everyone has equal rights to resources and basic needs by 2030
  • Reduce crime related events for the vulnerable and poor