A systematic and scientific process to answer questions about facts and relationship between facts
Research
An activity involved in seeking answer to unanswered questions
Research
Seeks to generate an answer to the problems as well as suggesting additional questions in need of further inquiry
Analysis
A method of organizing, sorting, and scrutinizing data in such a way that a research question can be answered or meaningful inferences can be drawn
Bibliography
A list of all the sources used in the process of researching
Concept
A mental idea of a phenomenon. These are words or terms that symbolize some aspects of reality
Conclusion
Provides a summary of the research
Data
Information that can be words or numbers
Data Gathering Tools
Devices/instruments used to collect data such as questionnaire or computer-assisted interviewing system
Data Presentation
The use of a variety of different graphical techniques
Descriptive study
A research design that describes "what is" (e.g. a survey)
In-Text Citation
The brief form of the reference included in the body of one's work
Limitations
Restrictions in a study that may decrease the credibility and generalizability of the research findings
Literature review
A critical summary or research on a topic of interest, generally prepared to put a research problem in context or to identify gaps and weaknesses in prior studies so as to justify a new investigation
Plagiarism
The unethical practice of using words or ideas of another author/researcher without proper acknowledgement
Quantitative Research
The process of collecting and analyzing numerical data
Questionnaire
A set of questions used to gather information in a survey
Research Topic
A subject or issue that a researcher is interested in when conducting a research
Respondents
Those persons who have been invited to participate in a particular study and have actually taken part in the study
Research Question
The question around which a researcher centers his/her research
Sample
A part or subset of population selected to participate in the research study
Socio Demographic Profile
Includes age, sex, education, migration, background and ethnicity, religious affiliation, marital status, household, employment, and income
Variables
Attributes or characteristics that can have more than one value, such as height or weight. These are qualities or quantities, properties or characteristics of people, things, or situations that change or vary
Independent variable
Variables that are purposely manipulated or changed by the researcher. It is also called as "Manipulated Variable"
Dependent variable
Variables that depend on other factors that are measured. These variables are expected to change as a result of an experimental manipulation of the independent variable or variables
Etc. et cetera
It means "and so on"
E.g. exempli gratia
It means "for example", literally, it means "free as an example"
et al. et alii
It means "and others"
ib/ibid. ibedem
It means "in the same passage or page quoted above." Literally, it means "in the same place"
Technical Definition
States or describes exactly the nature, scope, or meaning of something
Operational Definition
How the term is applied or used in the research. The researcher is the one who formulates the meaning of the term which is objectively anchored on technical definition
Expanded Definition
A one or more paragraphs that attempt to explain a complex term
Etymology
Explains the origin of the word itself
History
Discusses the history of the term, its use, and controversies associated with it
Cause and Effect
Discusses how the situation came about and what effects it may have
Description
Lists and defines the term
Principles of Operation
Discusses how something functions, including any special materials or conditions required
Classification
Shows how the topic fits into a larger category
Contrast
Shows how the topic differs from others in the same class
Comparison
Shows how the topic is similar to others in the class