systematics

• Systematics


  Study of kinds, diversity, relationship of organisms
• Taxonomy


  The study of how living things are classified
• Nomenclature


  System of naming organisms
• Morphology


  Study of the external and internal parts of living things
• Classification


  • Arrangement, grouping, identifying living things
  • Ordering or organisms into a group
  • Can be phenetic or phylogenetic
• Levels or structure of organisms


  • Domain
  • Kingdom
  • Phylum
  • Class
  • Order
  • Family
  • Genus
  • Species
• Cell type


  • Prokaryotic (no nucleus) or eukaryotic (has nucleus)
• Ability to make food


  • Heterotrophic (eats living organisms)
  • Autotrophic (can make their own food)
  • Saprotrophic (eats dead or decaying matter)
• Number of cells in their body


  • Unicellular (made of 1 cell)
  • Multicellular (made of many cells)
• Domain


  • Most inclusive (broad) taxonomic category
  • Can contain 1 or more kingdoms
• Domains


  • Archaea (most primitive bacteria)
  • Bacteria (more advanced bacteria)
  • Eukarya (all organisms with nucleus)
• Bacteria or eubacteria include cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) and carbon-eating heterotrophic bacteria
• Archaea are salt and heat loving microbes
• Eukarya or eukaryota


  • Fungi
  • Animals
  • Plants
  • Chromists (kelp and plankton)
  • Dinoflagellates
  • Red algae (protista)
  • Protista with flagella
• Five kingdom system


  By Robert Whittaker in 1969
• Protista


  • Eukaryotic + cell walls with polysaccharides
  • Autotrophic and heterotrophic
  • Unicellular and multicellular
• Fungi


  • Eukaryotic + cell walls with chitin
  • Heterotrophic + saprotrophic
  • Unicellular and multicellular
  • Body is composed of hypha (thin filament)
  • Secretes enzymes for external digestion and absorbs nutrients
• Plantae


  • Eukaryotic + cell walls with cellulose
  • Autotrophic
  • Multicellular
  • Has leaf gas exchange systems
  • Is not motile and is waterproof
  • Growth is restricted to meristems (layers of dividing cells)
• Animalia


  • Eukaryotic + no cell walls
  • Heterotrophic
  • Multicellular
  • Has nervous and hormonal control systems
  • Is motile (can move)
  • Has cell division which enables growth and happens in the tissue
  • Developed from blastocysts (part of embryo development)
• Prokaryotic


  • Eubacteria and archaebacteria
  • Prokaryotic + cell walls
  • Autotrophic + using photosynthesis and chemosynthesis & heterotrophic
  • Unicellular + no organelles
  • 10 micrometers, not seen with naked eye