Protein Synthesis

• Proteins are composed of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds
• Channels in membranes control the movement of molecules in and out of the cell
• Structural molecules for example make up the hair and muscle in animals
• Hormones regulate activity of the cells
• Antibodies are in immune systems
• Antibodies act as catalysts in the biological systems
• Enzymes act as catalysts in biological systems
• The Central Dogma of Biology is a theory stating that genetic information flows only in one direction
• Genetic information flows only in one direction from DNA, to RNA, to Protein or RNA directly to Proteins
• DNA is acronym for deoxyribonucleic acid
• DNA is a molecule that carries the genetic instructions for living things.
• DNA is composed of three types of nucleotides: adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine
• A is Adenine
• T is for Thymine
• C is for Cytosine
• G is for Guanine
• U is for Uracil
• The Purines are A and G
• The Pyrimidines are T, C, and U
• RNA carries the messenger instructions from DNA
• DNA replication is needed to ensure that all body cells carry the same genetic material and that instructions are copied for the next generation,
• Unwinding(DNA Helicase) breaks the hydrogen bond between nucleotides dividing the DNA into two strands
• Base-pairing (DNA Primase) adds new nucleotides to the parent strand
• Joining (DNA Polymerase) continues to add more complimentary pairs using Chargaff's Rule