FRUIT

• fertilized and ripened ovary

  fruit
• functions

  protect seed

  seed dispersal
• parts of fruit

  pericarp (epi,meso,endo)

  seed (embryo, endosperm, seed coat)
• outer skin

  epicarp
• fleshy and edible part

  mesocarp
• inner stony wall

  endocarp
• baby plant

  embryo
• reserved food

  endosperm
• fruit developed from ovary

  true fruit
• developed from other parts of flower

  false fruit or pseudocarp
• CLASSIFICATION OF FRUIT

  simple

  aggregate

  composite
• developed from single or multiple carpel with syncarpous ovary

  simple fruit
• developed from multiple carpel apocarpous

  each carpel forms fruitlet

  aggregate fruit
• bunch of fruitlet

  etaerio
• developed from a modified inflorescence

  composite fruit
• SIMPLE FLESHY FRUIT (DrBePoHeBaAm)

  drupe, berry, pome, hesperidium, balausta, amphisarca
• developed from superior or inferior syncarpous gynoecium

  indehiscent seed dispersal

  fleshy fruit
• thin, hard epicarp

  fibrous to fleshy and edible mesocarp

  hard and stony endocarp (brachysclereids deposit)

  Mangifera indica

  Cocos nucifera

  drupe or stony fruits
• thin and soft epicarp

  fleshy tissue where seeds are embedded mesocarp

  thin like membrane endocarp

  axile or parietal placentation

  Solanum lycopersicum

  Solanum melongena

  Psidium guajava

  Musa balbisiana

  berry
• thin to thick epicarp

  fleshy and spongy mesocarp

  flesh where seeds are attached endocarp

  parietal placentation

  some are bitter due to tetracyclic triterpene

  Cucurbita maxima(squash)

  Pepo
• False fruit

  thin and shiny epicarp

  fleshy pulp mesocarp

  ovary walls endocarp

  hard and dry ovary that encloses seed

  Malus pumila

  Pome
• thick, leathery with many oil glands epicarp

  white fibrous structure attached to epicarp

  membranous with a lot of chambers endocarp

  Rutaceae family or citrus fruits

  Hesperidium
• hard pericarp

  multilocular

  many edible and fleshy testa (seed coat)

  Punica granatum

  Balausta
• hard pericap

  testa becomes mucilegenous when fruit ripen

  Aegle marmelos (wood apple)

  multilocular

  Amphisarca
• SIMPLE DRY FRUITS

  Indehiscent (ACCNS)

  achene, cypsela, caryopsis, nut, samara
• SIMPLE DRY FRUIT

  Dehiscent (LSSFC)


  legume, siliqua, silcula, folicle, capsule
• SIMPLE DRY FRUIT

  Schizocarpic (LCCRUDs)

  lomentum, cremocarp, carcerulus, regma, utricle, double sam
• hard and dry

  not differentiated pericarp

  simple dry fruit
• small size

  one seed

  dry non-distinguishable pericarp

  does not rupture even after maturity

  simple dry indehiscent
• pericarp and seed coat are free from each other

  single seed

  bunch of hair is attached (pappus)


  cypsela
• pericarp is fused with the seed coat and form a joint surface

  Gramineae family

  caryopsis
• pericarp is free from seed coat

  Helianthus anuus

  achene
• hard and leathery pericarp

  Cashewnut (Anacardium occidentale)


  nut
• pericarp forms a wing like structure which aids in seed dispersal

  Pterocarpus indicus (narra)


  samara
• dry non distinguishable pericarp

  many seeds

  rupture at maturity

  simple dry dehiscent fruit
• dehiscence of fruit occurs at both sutures

  starts from apex and reaches to basal

  legumes
• dehiscence occur only at ventral suture

  Catharanthus roseus (periwinkle seed)

  Asclepias syriaca (milk weed)


  follicle
• dehiscence occurs at both suture and starts from lower and proceeds upward

  seeds attached to false septum

  Brassica sp.

  Siliqua
• similar to siliqua but shorter and broader

  silicula
• multilocular

  axile placentation

  poricidial - opening via pores (poppy)

  loculicidal - longitudinally through locule (cotton)

  septifragally or valvular - outer walls break away from septa and placentae as valves (datura)

  septicidal - aligned with the sutures of ovary septa or placentae (birth worth)


  capsule