final exam

• key for effective listening

  • concentrate and make good effort to understand
  • use body language to make sure that you understand
  • listen without interrupting
  • take note necessary
• barrier communication in healthcare

  environment barrier - lack of privacy

  personal barrier - lack of confidence

  time barrier - lack of time

  physical barrier - disable eg mute , blind

  perception barrier- how the message is receive by patient
• importance inventory management

  • can decrease the cost of good sold and increase gross margin
  • less inventory investment and improve cash flow
  • effective inventory management is important for meeting consumer demands
• clean room is room whereby the level of contamination temperate and moisture is controlled according certain standards
• an ideal clean room

  • air flow
  • air quality
  • temperature
  • humidity
  • contamination
• storage equipment dangerous drugs and phychotropic drug are

  • store seperately from other drug
  • cabinet should be static and no movable
  • lock and keyed all time
  • only to be handled by pharmacy
• the methods to prevent staff exposure to cyctoxic drugs are

  • appropriate enviromental and protective clothing
  • equipment and devices
  • staff selection and training
  • work procedures
• TPN (total parental nutrion ) indicated for

  • severe pancreatic
  • short bowel syndrome
  • gastrointestinal fistulae
  • critically iii patient
  • infant with very low birth weight
• container used to fill cyctoxic should be

  • offers protect from light
  • protect drug from breakage
  • contain leakage if breakage
  • has childproof lid
• a cyctoxic spill kit consist of

  • bag tie
  • sharp bin
  • chemo waste bag
  • decon 90
  • gauze
  • caution signs
• function drug information service (DIS)

  • drug poison information service (DPIS)
  • national phamaceutical call centre (NPCC)
  • human resources and asset management
  • provide traning
• goals DIS

  • prepare information for clinical pharmacy service
  • prepare good teaching methods for pupillage training
  • answer questions related to a drug
  • answer question as prompt and accurate as posible
• radiophamaceutical are radioactive drugs
• radiophamaceutical can be used for

  • diagnosis
  • therapy
• radiophamaceutical will emit in different rays

  • alpha
  • beta
  • gamma
  • positron
• the penetrative power radiaton is

  • alpha particles - stopped by a sheet of paper and cannot penetrate outer layer dead of skin
• beta particles

  • stoped by a layer of clothing or a thin sheet substances such as aluminum
• gamma rays and xrays

  • stopped by a feet of concrete or a few inches of lead
• list value added service in outpatient pharmacy

  • sms and collect
  • drive thru pharmacy
  • integrated drug dispensing system
  • locker for you
  • medicine by post
• function drug dispensing

  • prepare good teaching methods to pupilage training
  • prepare information to clinical pharmacy service
  • answer the quetions related to drug
  • answer question as prompt and accurate as posible
• value added service in outpatient pharmacy

  • intergreted drug dispensing system
  • locker 4 u
  • medicines by post
  • drive thru pharmacy
  • sms and collect
• hospital information system is an information system where the data information is handled by hospital enviroment
• new prescription

  • for emengency case
  • prescription to be kept pharmacy after medicine dispensed
  • patient not to comeback to pharmacy
• refill prescription

  • usually for chronic disease
  • refill slip is given back to patient
  • patient need to comeback to pharmacy at given date to collect supply balance
• advantage integrated drug dispensing system

  • save timely and cost travelling
  • closer to home
  • uninterrupted medication supply
• objective outpatient pharmacy

  • to provide optimal phamaceutical care through the provision of medicine to patient in an accurate and timely manner
  • review all medicine order
  • effective counselling and communication with patient
• peripheral route

  • via peripheral line
  • first choice for short term parental feeding
  • low isontonicity
  • less costly
• central route

  • via subclavian
  • for long term feeding
  • high isontonicity
  • relative costly
• the indications if iv route of administration

  • to reach appropriate drug serum levels
  • to guarantee compliance
  • for drug with unrealible gastrointestinal absorption
  • for the patient who can have nothing by mouth
  • for the people who is uncosious or unconsperative
• indication for TDM are

  • toxicity suspected
  • lack of response
  • assesment of complaince
  • change clinical state of patient
  • manifestation of toxicity and disease state are similiar
• example drug available for TDM

  • antibiotic
  • anti - cancer
  • analgesic
  • cardiac drug
• function HIS

  • make appointments with respective doctors
  • manage staff and patient reservation
  • conduct payments and other transactions online
  • perform live conservation with doctors regarding about health tips
  • manage staff and customers account within the information system
• advantage of HIS

  • reducing paper based work to enter and store medical records
  • reducing medical errors caused by certain inaccuracies and doctor hand writting
  • reducing medical costs and preventing any causes
  • reducing medical errors leading to health quality improvement
• the enforcement activities of pharmacy enforcement includes

  • inspection and licensing
  • intelligence and operation
  • investigation and prosecution
  • control of entry points
  • advertisment control
  • consumer protection
• integrated drug dispensing system IDDS

  • is a referral drug dispensing sevice that facilitate the patient to obtain their next partial supply refill of medications in any health facilities listed
• Steps to manage cytotoxic spillage

  1. Alert surrounding

  2. Place a caution sign at the incident area

  3. Wear N95 respirator mask and chemo sterelie gown

  4. Put on goggles and double layer gloves

  5. Contain liquid spill with gauze

  6. If powder spill, wet the gauze and contain the area

  7. Pack up any broken glass fragment using a brush and dustpan and place in sharp bin

  8. Wipe entire area with decon 90 (3 times) and rinse with water (3 times)

  9. Discard used gauze and outer layer gloves into waste bag

  10. Tie the cytotoxic waste bag and put into a second bag

  11. Discard N95 mask, inner chemo gloves and chemo gown into the second bag

  12. Tie up the waste bag and discard into cytotoxic bin

  13. Wash hand

  14. Fill the cytotoxic spillage form

  15. Hand in the form to CDR pharmacy to ensure that the spill kit is replenished
• floor stock

  • wards may only keep psychotropic medicines in the amount permitted
  • medicines list and amount as pre-agreed upon by the pharmacy and the ward
  • records book should be updated each time psychotropic medication are supplied
• unit of dose

  • supply of medication to individual patient in amount suffient for one day supply
  • the medication are dispensed in a form that is a ready to administer and not more than 24 hours supply
• unit of use

  • supply drug to individual patient in complete amount
  • medication are packed in suffient quantities to provide a course treatment
  • contain multiple dosage suffient for normal cause of therapy
• emengency troller

  • the supply selected necessary medication in a specified amount that are essential for medical emergencies
  • emengency trolley items should be indented regulary to keep above minimum