animal welfare 4

• Intensive farming


  • Less ethical due to poorer animal welfare
  • Cost effective
  • Generates higher profit as costs are low
• Free-range farming


  • Requires more land
  • More labour intensive
• Behavioural indicators of poor animal welfare


  • Stereotypy – animals pacing back and forth
  • Misdirected behaviour – pigs constant chewing and chewing on metal bars
  • Failure in sexual or parental behaviour – don't reproduce at all or show no interest in the young
  • Altered levels of activity – Histeria or apathy