Parliament

• Does UK have fusion or seperation of powers?

  UK has fusion of powers, 3 elements of the state (legislature, executive and judiciary) work together. executive sits in legislature and, until recently, so did the judiciary. 2005 Constitutional Reform Act made judiciary independent of the legislature and executive.
• What are the 3 main parts to uk parliament?

  House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Monarch.
• What does it mean by parliament being the sovereign?

  UK's highest authority. Parliament must pass all laws except for devolved powers.
• What is the cabinet?

  most senior figures who run the gov
• Where do cabinet sit ?

  front bench in HOC
• What are the top 4 jobs in the cabinet?

  PM, Chancellor, Foreign Secretary and Home Secretary.
• What are the party numbers in HOC?


  Conservative Party

  348

  Labour Party

  199

  Scottish National Party

  43

  Liberal Democrats

  15

  DUP

  8

  Plaid Cymru

  3

  Green Party

  1

  Reform UK

  1

  Sinn Féin

  7
• Party numbers in Lords?


  Party

  Lords

  Conservative Party

  277

  Labour Party

  171

  Scottish National Party

  0

  Liberal Democrats

  80

  DUP

  6

  Plaid Cymru

  1

  Green Party

  2

  Reform UK

  0

  Sinn Féin

  0
• Why is the HOC dominat chamber?

  elected
• How many MPs are in HOC?

  650 MPS intend to reduce to 600
• How are members of HOC elected?

  single member constituencies and FPTP
• what side does the governing party sit on?

  Right of speaker
• what side does the opposition party sit on?

  left of speaker
• who are front benchers?
• Who are Backbenchers?
• what is the BBBC
• What is an approximate MP salary?
• what do u need to be an MP?
• how representative is the HOC?


  Most representative weve ever seen never going to get a full representative
• How many women in HOC?

  220
• How many men in HOC?

  430
• How many ethnic minorities?

  1/10
• How many members of LGBTQ

  173
• How many Mps went to private school?

  138
• whats the size of larger constituencies?

  90,000
• what is the size of smaller constituencies?

  34000
• What are whips for?


  Ensure party members act in accordance with the party. Get MPs to debate's and to votes. Chosen by the part leaders
• who is the conservatives whip?

  Simon hart
• who is the labour whip?


  Sir Alan Campbell
• Strengths of whip?


  means gov can enact their manifesto
• weaknesses of whip?


  may put too much pressure, everyone should have their own ideas
• What does the speaker do?


  Chair debates and pick which MPs speak

  
  

  cannot vote unless there is a tie
• How is the speaker elected?

  secret ballot
• Who have been some key speakers?


  Betty Boothroyd- only woman 1992-2000

  Michael Martin- only one to be forced to resign back in 2009

  John Bercow (increased strength of back benchers in debates and allows more urgent questions require a minister's response by end of the day)
• Who is the current speaker?


  Lindsay Hoyle since 2019
• Role of the HOC?


  Pass legislation

  raising and spending public money

  scrutinising gov

  representation

  national debate

  recruting gov
• what is a law known as before it becomes a law?

  Bill
• What are the different types of bill?


  Public, private, private members, hybrid
• What is a public bill?

  affects everyone in country

  2022 elections act
• What is a private bill?


  affects areas or sections of society

  2018 University of London Act