Chapter 28 Reproductive System

• Mitosis


  1. Parent cells

  2. Diploid

  3. Daughter cells (identical)

  4. Occurs anywhere in the body
• Meiosis


  1. Parent cells

  2. Diploid

  3. Daughter cells (different)

  4. Occurs in gonads and ovaries
• Gametogenesis


  Formation of sex cells
• Spermatogenesis


  Formation of sperm cells in males
• Oogenesis


  Formation of egg cells in females
• Diploid


  Having two complete sets of chromosomes
• Haploid


  Having one complete set of chromosomes
• Autosomes


  Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes
• Sex chromosomes


  The 23rd pair of chromosomes (XX or XY)
• Meiosis produces haploid daughter cells
• Mitosis produces diploid daughter cells
• Female Reproductive System


  • Ovaries - produce eggs
  • Fallopian tubes - allow eggs to move from ovaries to uterus
  • Uterus - where fertilized egg implants and develops
  • Cervix - opening of uterus
  • Vagina - canal leading from uterus to outside of body
  • Mammary glands - produce milk
• Ovaries


  Produce eggs
• Uterus


  Muscular layer that contracts during childbirth
• Cervix


  Opening of the uterus
• Vagina


  Canal leading from uterus to outside of body
• Mammary glands


  Produce milk
• Follicular cells


  Grow and stimulate the creation of an egg cell
• Oogenesis


  1. Begins before birth

  2. Eggs produced in ovarian follicles

  3. One egg cell matures and is ovulated each month
• Ovulation


  Release of a mature egg cell from the ovary
• Luteinizing hormone (LH)


  Stimulates ovulation
• Polar body


  Small cell produced during meiosis that does not develop into an egg
• Corpus luteum


  Structure that forms from the empty follicle after ovulation and secretes hormones
• Menstrual cycle


  1. Builds up endometrium in preparation for implantation

  2. Divided into follicular phase and luteal phase

  3. Lasts approximately 28 days
• Follicular phase


  Time when follicles develop and an egg matures
• Luteal phase


  Time after ovulation when corpus luteum secretes hormones
• Menstrual phase


  Time when the endometrium is shed
• Proliferative phase


  Time when the endometrium rebuilds
• Secretory phase


  Time when the endometrium prepares for implantation
• What will happen to the aforementioned cycles if fertilization and the implantation occurs?


  Sea) d and impunts the infused by start
• What will happen if fertilization implantation does not occur?


  Cartes luteum degrades and discuter
• Role of human chorionic gonadotropin


  Maintain the corpus luteum
• Role of estrogen


  Maintain build up and on the end function
• Role of inhibin


  Spring 2024
• Role of progesterone


  Embrye through weeks of diversement, remaining to umers of devierstment prior to birth
• The male reproductive system:
• Penis


  • Male copulatory organ
  • Erectile tissues resume de mare orgin stiff and erect
• Testes


  • Produce sperm (3) to maintain Pumps
• Vas deferens


  • Long pesives, tububur stricting that army and the fusion by Sarabegoness
• Epididymis


  • Slightly-coiled tube that is attaches to have