Holderness coastal recession

• Physical factors:

  
  

  Geology:

  boulder clay - little resistant

  surrounded by chalk creating headlands

  
  

  Fetch:

  small fetch - 500-800km across North Sea

  destructive waves create winter storms

  
  

  Human factors:

  
  

  Coastal managment:

  sea wall, rock armour, groynes at Hornsea

  beach at Mappleton starved of sediments (terminal groyne syndrome)

  
  

  Players:

  1. government agency: responsible for management, funding has been cut
  2. local stakeholders: tourists, farmers want greater protection, insurers are vulnerable
  3. environment stakeholders: want to protect Spurn Head so longshore drift is essential