Clinical Studies

Cards (23)

  • Rosenhan, aim 

    to investigate how situational factors affect the diagnosis of schizophrenia
  • Rosenhan, aim 

    to investigate whether the "sane" can be distinguished from the "insane"
  • Rosenhan, procedure 

    confederates acted as pds, going to 12 different hospitals
  • Rosenhan, procedure 

    the real participants were the hospital staff as they did not know about the experiment
  • Rosenhan, procedure 

    pds complained they were hearing an unfamiliar voice saying "hollow" "thud" and "empty"
  • Rosenhan, procedure
    pds gave false names, occupations and symptoms
  • Rosenhan, procedure 

    once in the ward the pds stopped pretending to have symptoms, they wrote their observations
  • Rosenhan, results
    11 pds were diagnosed with schizophrenia and one with manic depression
  • Rosenhan, results 

    staff never detected their sanity
  • Rosenhan, results
    the average hospital stay was 19 days, all pds were discharged with schizophrenia in remission
  • Rosenhan, conclusions

    psychiatric staff cannot always distinguish sanity from insanity, any diagnostic method that makes such errors cannot be valid or reliable
  • Rosenhan, conclusions
    labels such as the diagnosis of schizophrenia can be attached wrongly and are then hard to get rid of
  • Rosenhan
    led to developments of the DSM, it was revised, symptoms now need to be persistent in order for a diagnosis to be made
  • Evidence supporting the dopamine hypothesis, Lindstrom et al 

    conducted a PET scan which involved a tracker observing L-Dopa which was administered to 10 schizophrenics and controls.
  • Evidence supporting the dopamine hypothesis, Lindstrom et al 

    L-Dopa was taken up quicker in the schizophrenics suggesting they were producing more dopamine than the control group.
  • Evidence supporting the dopamine hypothesis, Ten et al 

    in this study rats were given nine amphetamine injections (increasing dopamine) over three weeks showed various schizophrenic symptoms
  • Evidence supporting the dopamine hypothesis, Ten at al

    found that dopamine antagonists (decreasing dopamine) were successful in reversing these effects
  • Carlsson, aims
    aimed to present a review of the evidence for and against the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia
  • Carlsson, aims
    aimed to include a consideration of the other neurotransmitters such as: glutamate, serotonin and gaba
  • Carlsson, aims 

    aimed to explore new antipsychotics for those who may be treatment resistant or experience extreme side effects
  • Carlsson, procedure
    this study reviews of research from a variety of sources
  • Carlsson, procedure 

    this study investigates neurochemical levels in patients diagnosed with schizophrenia, as well as studies into drugs know to induce schizophrenic symptoms
  • Carlsson, procedure 

    this study looked into studies which evidence high levels of dopamine are linked to psychosis, along with recreational drugs know to induce psychosis such as: amphetamines and PCP