Biomolecule

• Biomolecules

  Essential molecules produced and found in living organisms such as proteins, lipids, nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. They serve various functions, from providing structure to enabling biological processes.
• 4 main Types of Biomolecules

  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins
  • Nucleic Acids
  • Lipids
• Carbohydrates

  • The primary source of energy for living organisms
• Monosaccharide

  The building block of Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates

  • The elements present are Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen
• Classification of Carbohydrates

  • Monosaccharide
  • Disaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
• Monosaccharides

  • The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar molecules. They are the building blocks of more complex carbohydrates.
• Monosaccharides

  • Glucose, Fructose, and Galactose
• Disaccharides

  • Formed by the chemical bonding of two monosaccharide molecules. They serve as quick energy sources.
• Disaccharides

  • Sucrose (table sugar) composed of glucose and fructose, found in sugar cane and sugar beets.
• Polysaccharides

  • Complex carbohydrates consisting of long chains of monosaccharide units. They serve as energy storage and structural components.
• Proteins

  • Complex molecules made of amino acids, performing diverse functions in the body. They serve as enzymes, hormones, and structural components.
• Proteins

  • The elements present are Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen-Nitrogen
• Proteins

  • Hemoglobin - found in red blood cells, transports oxygen throughout the body.
• Nucleic acids

  • The elements present are Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen-Nitrogen-Phosphorus. Nucleic acids, DNA, and RNA carry genetic information and facilitate protein synthesis.
• Nucleic acids

  • DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) - the hereditary material found in the nucleus of cells. Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
• Lipids

  • Diverse molecules including fats, oils, and phospholipids. They serve as energy storage, insulation, and cell membrane components.
• Lipids

  • The elements present are Carbon-Hydrogen-Oxygen. Lipids are hydrophobics. They serve as waterproof covering in some plants and animals. They also serve as protection for internal organ.