Chapter 6: DNA and Biotechnology

Cards (23)

  • DNA can be denatured by conditions that disrupt hydrogen bonding and base-pairing.
  • Commonly used to dentare DNA: heat, pH, and chemicals
  • Once Denatured DNA is single-stranded.
  • Euchromatin contains genetically active DNA.
  • Heterochromatin is transcriptionally silent.
  • Centromeres are a region of DNA found in the center of chromosomes.
  • Centromeres are sometimes referred to sites of constriction because they form noticeable indentions.
  • In replication, DNA unwinds at points called origins of replications.
  • Replication forks form on both sides of the origin, which increases the efficiency of replication.
  • Helicase unwinds DNA, generating two single-stranded template strands.
  • Nucleases are responsible for the degradation of DNA
  • Topoisomerases reduce torsional stress and reduce the risk of strand breakage.
  • DNA polymerases are responsible for reading the DNA template, and synthesizing the new daughter strand.
  • DNA polymerase reads the template strand in the 3' to 5' direction.
  • DNA synthesizes a complementary strand in the 5' to 3' direction.
  • Primase synthesizes a short primer in the 5' to 3' direction to start replication on each strand.
  • DNA ligase seals the ends of DNA molecules together, creating one continuous strand of DNA.
  • Metastasis is the migration to distant tissues by the bloodstream or lymphatic system.
  • Mismatch repair is in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.
  • cDNA lacks noncoding regions
  • Noncoding regions are introns
  • Coding regions are exons
  • Hybridization is the joining of complementary base pair sequences.