PNB bonus assignment

Created by

Kelly

Cards (40)

The cardiac output for the right ventricle is normally _____ to the cardiac output for the left ventricle

a.) greater than
b.) less than
c.) equal to
c.) equal to
Helper T cells are required

a.) for an antigen to bind to a specific B cell receptor
b.) for inflammation
c.) to process and present viral antigen to a specific cytotoxic T cell
d.) for activation of a specific lymphocyte to produce a clone of effector cells 
NOT a.) for an antigen to bind to a specific B cell receptor OR b.) for inflammation
A response to alkalosis would involve

a.) increasing the rate of the proton pump
b.) greatly increased excretion of HCO3-
c.) both
d.) neither
b.) greatly increased excretion of HCO3-
Urine is brought from the renal pelvis to the bladder for storage by the ____

a.) collecting ducts
b.) urethra
c.) Efferent arterioles
d.) Ureters
d.) ureters
Substances appear in the urine due to which renal process(es)?

a.) Filtration and Reabsorption
b.) Filtration and Secretion
c.) Filtration alone
d.) Secretion alone
b.) filtration and secretion
Pressure in the alveoli is ____ subatmospheric

a.) Always
b.) Sometimes
c.) Never 
b.) sometimes
The hemoglobin-oxygen saturation curve plots ____ in the dependent (Y) axis and ______ on the independent (X) axis

a.) Hemoglobin concentration, oxygen concentration
b.) Percent Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, PO2 of blood
c.) Oxygen concentration, hemoglobin concentration
d.) percent oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, PCO2 of blood
b.) Percent Oxygen saturation of hemoglobin, PO2 of blood
Activating all of the following cause smooth muscle constriction except:

a.) Beta adrenergic receptors
b) Alpha adrenergic receptors
c.) MLCK
d.) Calmodulin
a.) Beta adrenergic receptors
When the diaphragm contracts:

a.) air enters the alveoli
b.) Pulmonary arterioles constrict
c.) intrapulmonary alveolar pressure increases
d.) intrapleural pressure increases
a.) air enters the alveoli
Intrapleural pressure (in humans) normally is _____ subatmospheric

a.) always
b.) sometimes
c.) never
a.) always
Cytotoxic T cells recognize:

a.) Free virus and bacteria in the blood
b.) antigen bound to antibody
c.) antigen displayed with MHC-1 self protein
d.) antigen processed and presented by helper T cells
c.) antigen displayed with MHC-1 self protein
Antibody-mediated immunity defends against ______.

a.) Viruses and bacteria in the blood or body fluids
b.) bacteria only
c.) virus infected cells
d.) viruses only
a.) viruses and bacteria in the blood of body fluids
Blood in the pulmonary arteries ______.

a.) contains hemoglobin which is about 98.5% saturated with oxygen
b.) has PO2 of about 40mmHg
c.) Both of the above
d.) neither of the above
b.) has PO2 of about 40mmHg
We (humans) can excrete a urine that varies in osmolarity between ______.

a.) 0-100mOsm
b.) 0-1200 mOsm
c.) 100-300 mOsm
d.) 100-1200 mOsm
e.) 300-5000 mOsm
d.) 100-1200 mOsm
The left heart receives blood from _____ and pumps blood out through the ____.

a.) superior vena cava, pulmonary trunk
b.) pulmonary veins, aorta
c.) pulmonary arteries, aorta
d.) pulmonary veins, pulmonary trunk 
b.) pulmonary veins, aorta
The relationship between the loop of Henle and the vasa recta capillaries functions in ______.

a.) absorption of glucose, amino acids, and creatinine
b.) countercurrent exchange
c.) countercurrent multiplication
d.) all of the above
b.) countercurrent exchange
the _____ contain(s) the pacemaker neurons that establish respiratory rhythm (at rest, typically about 15 beats/minute)

a.) cerebral cortex
b.) Aprenaustic center in the pons
c.) Pre-Botzinger nucleus of the medulla
d.) preipheral chemoreceptors in the arteries
c.) Pre-Botzinger nucleus of the medulla
Filtrate is equivalent to _________.

a.) blood plasma without proteins
b.) blood
c.) blood plasma
d.) blood plasma without proteins or nutrients 
a.) blood plasma without proteins
Intrinsic clotting pathway is initated by:

a.) factor X
b.) collagen
c.) thrombin
d.) all of the above
b.) collagen
Capillary exchange of O2 and CO2 in tissues is accomplished by _____

a.) active transport
b.) diffusion
c.) exocytosis
d.) all of the above 
b.) diffusion
Blood vessel dilation can occur in response to:

a.) alpha-adrenergic receptor stimulation
b.) atrial natriuretic peptide
c.) decreased levels of cAMP within smooth muscle cells
d.) increase Ca2+ levels within smooth muscle cells
b.) atrial natriuretic peptide
On an EKG from a patient experiencing AV block, where conduction is stopped at the AV node, P waves would be absent

a.) true
b.) false 
b.) false
HCN channels are found in:

a.) autorhythmic cardiac muscle
b.) contractile cardiac muscle
c.) skeletal muscle
d.) all of the above 
a.) autorhythmic cardiac muscle
Parietal cells found in gastric glands secrete

a.) chymotrypsin
b.) HCl
c.) Active pepsin
d.) amylase
b.) HCl
Selection and activation of specific B lymphocytes may lead to all EXCEPT ______.

a.) formation of memory cells
b.) secretion of perforin
c.) secretion of antibodies
d.) activation of complement to destroy tagged antigen
b.) secretion of perforin
Stoke volume is equal to:

a.) end-diastolic volume alone
b.) end-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volume
c.) end-diastolic volume plus end-systolic volume
d.) cardiac output minus heart rate 
b.) end-diastolic volume minus end-systolic volumeSee an expert-written answer!We have an expert-written solution to this problem!
Epithelium with brush border (microvilli) is characteristic of the mucosa found in:

a.) the duodenum
b.) capillaries
c.) both of the above
d.) neither of the above 
a.) the duodenum
The final products of chemical digestion occurring in the brush border of the small intestine include:

a.) monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids
b.) disaccharides, proteins, and chylomicrons
c.) disaccharides, glycerol, and amino acids
d.) Bile, lipids, and monosaccharides
a.) monosaccharides, amino acids, and fatty acids
Inflammation is a ____ defense that includes this local response ______.

a.) nonspecific, increases capillary permeability
b.) nonspecific, increased vasoconstriction of arterioles
c.) specific, increased heart rate
d.) specific, secretion of histamine
a.) nonspecific, increases capillary permeability
this enzyme carbonic anhydrase plays a role in which of the following?

a.) transporter of CO2 in the blood
b.) production of gastric acid
c.) both of the above
d.) neither of the above
c.) both of the above
Which of the following is the correct sequence of structures that would be encountered by an absorbed carbohydrate?

a.) venous blood, liver, arterial blood
b.) arterial blood, venous blood, liver
c.) liver, venous blood, arterial blood
d.) venous blood, arterial blood, liver 
a.) venous blood, liver, arterial blood
The NKCC2 transporter is located on the ____ side of ascending limb tubular epithelial cells, and functions to _____.

a.) apical; transport Na from lumen into cell
b.) basolateral; transport Na from cell into blood
c.) basolateral; actively transport Na
d.) all of the above
a.) apical; transport Na from lumen into cell
When is glucose found in the urine?

a.) it is normally found in the urine
b.) at the transport maximum (Tm) for glucose
c.) when aldosterone stimulates tubular secretion of glucose
d.) glucose is never found in human urine 
b.) at the transport maximum (Tm) for glucose
Sympathetic stimulation causes ____ in heart rate and _____ in strength of cardiac contraction.

a.) a decrease; no change
b.) a decrease; an increase
c.) an increase; an increase
d.) an increase; no change
c.) an increase; an increase
LH stimulates _____ in the ovary and _____ in the testes

a.) androgen production in theca cells, androgen production in leydig cells
b.) androgen production in granulosa cells, androgen production in sertoli cells
c.) estrogen production in theca cells, estrogen production in leydig cells
d.) estrogen production in granulosa cells, estrogen production in sertoli cells
a.) androgen production in theca cells, androgen production in leydig cells
Hypoventilation will lead to

a.) respiratory alkalosis
b.) respiratory acidosis
c.) high pH
d.) low H+ concentrations
b.) respiratory acidosis
The oocyte is ovulated in

a.) prophase 1
b.) prophase 2
c.) metaphase 1
d.) metaphase 2
d.) metaphase 2
Which of the following is filtered into Bowmans capsule?

a.) antibodies
b.) albumin
c.) HCO3-
d.) RBC
c.) HCO3-
The long term solution to a problem with blood pressure (MAP too high or too low) involves a long term change in:

a.) total peripheral resistance
b.) heart rate
c.) fluid volume
d.) sympathetic activation
c.) fluid volume
The enzyme carbonic anhydrase plays a role in:
Both of the above