SUPERGROUPS PROTIST

• What are the 6 supergroups of protists?

  Archaeplastida, Amoebozoa, Opisthokonta,

  Rhizaria, Chromalveolata,

  Excavata
• Archaeplastida


  Descendants of a heterotrophic protist and cyanobacterium endosymbiotic relationship
• Archaeplastida


  the supergroup that includes red algae, green algae, and land plants
• Glaucophytes


  Archaeplastida with chloroplasts retaining peptidoglycan remnants of the ancestral cyanobacterial symbiont
• Red Algae (Rhodophyta)


  Multicellular protists lacking flagella, with carbohydrate as agarose source
• phycoerythrin


  red pigment in red algae
• Green Algae


  Chlorophytes & Charophytes, common in freshwater with diverse life cycles
• Chlorophytes


  part of green algae; live in fresh water but many are marine inhabitants; some live in damp soil, other on glaciers and snowfields; some live symbiotically with fungi to form lichens
• Chlamydomonas


  example of chlorophytes, a unicellular green algae
• Charophytes


  common in wet habitats, and their presence often signals a healthy ecosystem
• Spirogyra


  example of charophytes
• Amoebozoa


  Protists with pseudopodia, including Gymnamoeba and Slime Molds
• Amoebozoa


  includes free-living and parasitic species, protozoans that use amoeboid movement
• Gymnamoeba (lobose amoeba) include both...

  naked and shelled amoeba (e.g. Amoeba proteus)
• Slime molds


  protists that resemble fungi in appearance and lifestyle
• slime molds


  develop into spore- generating fruiting bodies, much like fungi.
• Opisthokonta


  Protists with a single posterior flagellum, including Choanoflagellates
• Choanoflagellates are:


  unicellular and colonial forms and number about 244 described species
• contractile collar


  used to filter and collect bacteria for ingestion by the protist
• Opisthokonta


  Have a single, apical flagellum surrounded by a contractile collar (used to filter and collect bacteria for ingestion by the protist) = similar feeding mechanism to collar cells of sponges = believed to resemble the common ancestor of sponges and perhaps, all animals
• Rhizaria


  Protists with thin-threadlike pseudopodia, important in carbon and nitrogen cycles
• Dentrification


  How does rhizaria participate in the nitrogen cycle?
• Foraminiferans


  Unicellular protists with porous shells (looks like snails), indicators of pollution
• test


  porous shells, built from various organic materials and typically hardened with calcium carbonate
• Chromalveolata


  Derived from an ancestor that engulfed a red algal cell, include diatoms, brown algae, and significant disease agents in animals and plants
• Chromalveolata


  includes alveolates and stramenopiles
• Dinoflagellates


  Protists with condensed chromosomes, closed mitosis, and bioluminescence
• Bioluminescence


  the production of light by means of a chemical reaction in an organism
• Stramenopiles


  Protists with red alga-derived chloroplasts and textured/hairy flagella
• Diatoms


  Unicellular photosynthetic protists with intricate glassy cell walls made of silicon dioxide
• Excavata


  Asymmetrical, single-celled organisms with a feeding grove, subgroups Diplomonads, parabasalids and Euglenozoans
• Diplomonads


  Parasitic protists with mitosomes, lacking functional mitochondria
• Giardia lamblia


  example of diplomonads
• diplomonads


  exist in anaerobic environments and use glycolysis, to generate energy
• Euglenozoans


  Protists with long flagella ranges size from 10 to 500 um, including parasites, heterotrophs, and autotrophs
• Euglena


  encompasses some mixotrophic species that display a photosynthetic capability only when light is present
• Trypanosoma brucei


  human parasite that belongs to a different subgroup of Euglenozoa (Eyespot)