Element 9 Reflection

• Reflection


  Careful thought
• Model


  A set of rules that is used to show how something works (in this case, to show how we learn from experience)
• Kolb's Experiential Learning Theory (ELT) 1984


  1. Learning from experience (supports the use of manipulatives in maths lessons)

  2. Learner must have some kind of reflection in the process

  3. 4 stages and the sequence must remain the same. Concrete experience, reflective observation, abstract conceptualisation, active experimentation.

  4. It is important to support a learner through each of the stages to encourage critical thinking at each stage
• Gibbs Reflective Cycle 1988


  1. Learn through repetition – improve each time

  2. Description of the experience

  3. Feelings and thoughts about the experience

  4. Evaluation of the experience, both good and bad

  5. Analysis to make sense of the situation

  6. Conclusion about what you learned and what you could have done differently

  7. Action plan for how you would deal with similar situations in the future, or general changes you might find appropriate
• Boud, Keogh and Walker's Model 1985


  1. Return to experience

  2. Attending to feelings

  3. Re-evaluating experience
• Changing standards and holding people accountable can lead to significant improvements over time
• Significant changes from the 1988 Education Act


  • National curriculum and national testing
  • Open enrolment of pupils
  • Local management of schools
  • Grant-maintained schools
• Technology is constantly evolving and can be used to support all aspects of an education professional's job, from routine daily tasks to teaching, marking and giving feedback