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Biology
Topic 2 - Organisation
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Cards (112)
what are the levels of organisation from least to most complex?
organelles -
cells
-
tissues
- organs - organ systems
what is a tissue?
A group of
cells
that act together to perform a specific
function.
What is an
organ
?
A group of different
tissues
that work together to perform a certain
function.
are chemical reactions slow or
fast
?
slow
What is a
catalyst
?
substance that
speeds
up the rate of a chemical
reaction
what is an enzyme?
a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a
catalyst
to bring about a specific
biochemical
reaction.
what are enzymes made of?
Proteins
which are made up of chains of
amino acids.
what is the active site?
the region on the enzyme where the substrate
binds.
what is the substrate?
the
substance
on which an
enzyme
acts
what is the lock and key model?
states that
enzymes
are specific to the substrate they
bind
too.
what is the induced fit model?
the
active site molds
around the substrate to form the
enzyme-substrate
complex.
what does optimum mean for enzyme temperature?
the temperature at which enzyme activity is
highest.
what does a high PH level do to an enzyme?
denatures
them
what factors effect enzyme rate?
temperature
pH
what is balanced diet?
A
diet
that includes everything needed to keep the body
healthy
what factors effect the
energy levels
we
need
?
activity level
age
pregnancy
what are biological molecules?
molecules
made
and used by living
organisms
give an example of a biological molecule
carbohydrates
proteins
lipids
why do we need carbohydrates?
to provide
energy
for
chemical
reactions in the body
why
do we need lipids?
long term energy storage
insulate
our body and
regulate temperature
what do proteins do?
Help build and maintain
cells.
what does vitamin A do?
improves
vision
, keeps skin and
hair
healthy
what
does calcium do?
Builds strong
bones
and
teeth
what is caused from a lack of vitamin C
scurvy
what
can happen as a lack of iron in the body?
forms
haemoglobin
, prevents transportation of
oxygen
causing anaemia
why
do we need fibre?
To help food move through our
intestines
How
does the body loose water?
sweat,
breath
,
urine
,
what are biological molecules?
molecules
made
and used by living
organisms
what
are nutrients?
Substances in food that your body needs to
grow
, to
repair
itself, and to supply you with energy
what are carbohydrate molecules made from?
carbon,
hydrogen
,
oxygen
what is a simple carbohydrate
glucose
and
fructose
what are simple sugars called?
monomers
What do monomers form?
polymers
what is a
complex carbohydrate
?
chemical bonds between the
monomers
, can be broken down into
simple
carbohydrates.
what are proteins made of?
amino acids
what are amino acids made from?
carbon, hydrogen,
oxygen
,
nitrogen
what do lipids contain?
single
glycerol
molecule attached to three
fatty acid
molecules
what are
lipids
made of?
carbon,
hydrogen
,
oxygen
where are lipids broken down?
small intestine
what's a
maltose
molecule?
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