Topic 2 - Organisation

Cards (112)

  • what are the levels of organisation from least to most complex?
    organelles - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems
  • what is a tissue?
    A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.
  • What is an organ?

    A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function.
  • are chemical reactions slow or fast?

    slow
  • What is a catalyst?

    substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
  • what is an enzyme?
    a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
  • what are enzymes made of?
    Proteins which are made up of chains of amino acids.
  • what is the active site?
    the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds.
  • what is the substrate?
    the substance on which an enzyme acts
  • what is the lock and key model?
    states that enzymes are specific to the substrate they bind too.
  • what is the induced fit model?
    the active site molds around the substrate to form the enzyme-substrate complex.
  • what does optimum mean for enzyme temperature?
    the temperature at which enzyme activity is highest.
  • what does a high PH level do to an enzyme?
    denatures them
  • what factors effect enzyme rate?
    temperature
    pH
  • what is balanced diet?
    A diet that includes everything needed to keep the body healthy
  • what factors effect the energy levels we need?

    activity level
    age
    pregnancy
  • what are biological molecules?
    molecules made and used by living organisms
  • give an example of a biological molecule
    carbohydrates
    proteins
    lipids
  • why do we need carbohydrates?
    to provide energy for chemical reactions in the body
  • why do we need lipids?

    long term energy storage insulate our body and regulate temperature
  • what do proteins do?
    Help build and maintain cells.
  • what does vitamin A do?
    improves vision, keeps skin and hair healthy
  • what does calcium do?

    Builds strong bones and teeth
  • what is caused from a lack of vitamin C
    scurvy
  • what can happen as a lack of iron in the body?

    forms haemoglobin, prevents transportation of oxygen causing anaemia
  • why do we need fibre?

    To help food move through our intestines
  • How does the body loose water?

    sweat, breath, urine,
  • what are biological molecules?
    molecules made and used by living organisms
  • what are nutrients?

    Substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy
  • what are carbohydrate molecules made from?
    carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
  • what is a simple carbohydrate
    glucose and fructose
  • what are simple sugars called?
    monomers
  • What do monomers form?
    polymers
  • what is a complex carbohydrate?

    chemical bonds between the monomers, can be broken down into simple carbohydrates.
  • what are proteins made of?
    amino acids
  • what are amino acids made from?
    carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
  • what do lipids contain?
    single glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acid molecules
  • what are lipids made of?

    carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
  • where are lipids broken down?
    small intestine
  • what's a maltose molecule?