Topic 2 - Organisation

• what are the levels of organisation from least to most complex?

  organelles - cells - tissues - organs - organ systems
• what is a tissue?

  A group of cells that act together to perform a specific function.
• What is an organ?


  A group of different tissues that work together to perform a certain function.
• are chemical reactions slow or fast?


  slow
• What is a catalyst?


  substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction
• what is an enzyme?

  a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
• what are enzymes made of?

  Proteins which are made up of chains of amino acids.
• what is the active site?

  the region on the enzyme where the substrate binds.
• what is the substrate?

  the substance on which an enzyme acts
• what is the lock and key model?

  states that enzymes are specific to the substrate they bind too.
• what is the induced fit model?

  the active site molds around the substrate to form the enzyme-substrate complex.
• what does optimum mean for enzyme temperature?

  the temperature at which enzyme activity is highest.
• what does a high PH level do to an enzyme?

  denatures them
• what factors effect enzyme rate?

  temperature

  pH
• what is balanced diet?

  A diet that includes everything needed to keep the body healthy
• what factors effect the energy levels we need?


  activity level

  age

  pregnancy
• what are biological molecules?

  molecules made and used by living organisms
• give an example of a biological molecule

  carbohydrates

  proteins

  lipids
• why do we need carbohydrates?

  to provide energy for chemical reactions in the body
• why do we need lipids?


  long term energy storage insulate our body and regulate temperature
• what do proteins do?

  Help build and maintain cells.
• what does vitamin A do?

  improves vision, keeps skin and hair healthy
• what does calcium do?


  Builds strong bones and teeth
• what is caused from a lack of vitamin C

  scurvy
• what can happen as a lack of iron in the body?


  forms haemoglobin, prevents transportation of oxygen causing anaemia
• why do we need fibre?


  To help food move through our intestines
• How does the body loose water?


  sweat, breath, urine,
• what are biological molecules?

  molecules made and used by living organisms
• what are nutrients?


  Substances in food that your body needs to grow, to repair itself, and to supply you with energy
• what are carbohydrate molecules made from?

  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• what is a simple carbohydrate

  glucose and fructose
• what are simple sugars called?

  monomers
• What do monomers form?

  polymers
• what is a complex carbohydrate?


  chemical bonds between the monomers, can be broken down into simple carbohydrates.
• what are proteins made of?

  amino acids
• what are amino acids made from?

  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
• what do lipids contain?

  single glycerol molecule attached to three fatty acid molecules
• what are lipids made of?


  carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
• where are lipids broken down?

  small intestine
• what's a maltose molecule?