deckeribels

• Position Paper


  A document that contains statements about a one-sided arguable opinion on a certain subject or issue
• Arguments


  A set of ideas put together to prove a point
• Manifestoes


  A written statement declared publicly
• Writer's arguments


  A group of statements or reasons used to persuade the readers that what he/she believes is true
• Parts of an argument

  • Claim/Conclusion
  • Reasons/Premises
• Claim/Conclusion


  What the writer wants the reader to believe. It summarizes the main idea and is not just an opinion, but what the writer thinks is true about a topic.
• Reasons/Premises


  Why the reader should accept the claim. It includes the evidence that comes in various forms, including specific examples, quotes and ideas from other scholars, statistics, data, testimonies, narratives and facts.
• Ways authors present an argument


  • Reasoning - giving logical explanation
  • Evidence - presenting statistics, facts, and studies
  • Appeal - stimulate the reader's emotions
• Deductive Arguments


  Proceed from general ideas/facts to specific inferences
• Inductive Arguments


  Derive from specific observations that lead to a general conclusion
• Ways to support claims in writing

  • Quotations (e.g. direct quotes, paraphrases, summaries)
  • Examples (e.g. illustrations of your points)
  • Statistics (e.g. facts, figures, diagrams)
• Citing sources


  It signifies that you are giving credit to the owner of information and ideas you want to include in your essay.
• Ways to cite sources

  • Quoting: According to Source X, "[direct quotation]" ([date or page #]).
  • Paraphrasing: Although Source Z argues that [his/her point in your own words], a better way to view the issue is [your own point] ([citation]).
  • Summarizing: In her book, Source P's main points are Q, R, and S [citation].