Edexcel History Paper 1

• Sunni Seljuk Turks


  Believed government should be run adhering to Sunna (customs of the prophet) and Shari'a (legal basis for a state)
• Caliph


  Their ruler
• Sultans


  Beneath Caliph and had power to enforce the law on the basis of Sunna and Shari'a
• Most powerful caliph was from Abbasid dynasty but after 1059 the abbasids were puppet rulers of the Turks
• Abbasids were nomadic Turks that established sultanate covering parts of Iran, Iraq, Syria, Cilicia, Anatolia, and Palestine
• Shi'ah Fatimids


  Authority to be a political and religious leader comes from the prophet muhammad
• Claimed that they were direct descendants of 'Ali and that a Fatimid caliph could therefore rule with his authority</b>
• Vizier


  Handled much of the day-to-day running of government
• Controlled Egypt


  969
• Controlled Egypt, Syria, and Palestine


  1060's
• Lost control of most of northern territory, could only claim authority over Tyre, Sidon, and Acre


  1095
• Vizier Badr al-Jamali fought to maintain control of areas outside of Egypt but failed
• Shi'ah Fatimids


  A group that claimed the authority to be political and religious leaders came from the prophet muhammad
• Fatimid caliph


  Could rule with the authority of 'Ali
• Caliph


  Was symbolic
• Vizier


  Handled much of the day-to-day running of government
• Controlled Egypt


  969
• Controlled Egypt, Syria, and Palestine


  1060's
• Lost control of most of northern territory, could only claim authority over Tyre, Sidon, and Acre


  1095
• Vizier Badr al-Jamali


  • Fought to maintain control of areas outside of Egypt but failed