ARC1402 - MODULE 5

• Green Building


  A building that, in its design, construction or operation, reduces or eliminates negative impacts, and can create positive impacts, on our climate and natural environment
• Principles and Features of a Green Building


  • Efficient use of energy, water, and other resources
  • Use of renewable energy, such as solar energy
  • Pollution and waste reduction measures, and the enabling of re-use and recycling
  • Good indoor environmental air quality
  • Use of materials that are non-toxic, ethical, and sustainable
  • Consideration of the environment in design, construction, and operation
  • Consideration of the quality of life of occupants in design, construction, and operation
  • A design that enables adaptation to a changing environment
• Producing green buildings


  1. Resolving many conflicting issues and requirements

  2. Evaluating each design decision in terms of its impact on the environment and the occupants of buildings
• Considerations for green building under four headings


  • Reducing Energy in Use
  • Minimizing External Pollution and Environmental Damage
  • Reducing Embodied Energy and Resource Depletion
  • Minimizing Internal Pollution and Damage to Health
• Community and Site Selection for Green Buildings


  • Protecting sensitive sites
  • Preserving undeveloped sites
  • Restoring and reusing previously developed sites
  • Reducing impact on flora and fauna
  • Promoting connection to community
  • Minimizing transportation impacts both on the environment and energy use
• Types of sites for green building

  • Greenfields (previously undeveloped areas)
  • Brownfields (abandoned or underused industrial and commercial facilities with environmental contamination)
  • Greyfields (previously developed areas not contaminated)
• Protection of Natural Features


  • Retaining soils in place
  • Stockpiling and reusing soils
  • Restoring soils disturbed during construction
  • Revegetation of disturbed and restored soils
  • Careful planning of construction staging and parking areas
  • Measures to prevent soil runoff or wind erosion during construction
  • Protecting vegetation and re-introducing plant life
• Heat Island Effect


  The absorption and retention of incoming solar radiation by the buildings and hardscape of urban areas, resulting in higher temperatures than rural surroundings
• Site Waste Management


  • Reusing materials onsite
  • Recycling debris offsite
  • Handling hazardous debris in an environmentally sensitive manner
• Transportation Issues


  • Installing bicycle racks
  • Incorporating facilities for storing and covering bicycles
  • Providing pedestrian paths for access
  • Providing sidewalks, dedicated bicycle lanes, and onsite traffic signs
• Minimizing Light Pollution


  • Avoiding the introduction of artificial light into the outdoor environment to prevent disruption of natural diurnal patterns and wildlife habitats
• Building Considerations


  • Reducing floor area to minimize material and energy use
  • Reducing surface area to decrease energy use and material use
  • Optimizing orientation to capture solar gain in winter and minimize cooling in summer
  • Using overhangs and awnings to shield walls and windows
  • Incorporating solar panels
  • Designing the building facade to optimize energy use
  • Incorporating rainwater harvesting
  • Utilizing the roof for solar panels, skylights, green roofs, etc.
• Sustainability


  A holistic approach comprising economic, social, and environmental development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
• Green Design vs Sustainable Design

  Green design mostly deals with the environmental aspect, while sustainable design has a broader scope encompassing economic and social development as well
• Green Building Rating Systems


  Systems that rate or reward relative levels of compliance or performance with specific environmental goals and requirements
• LEED

  Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
• Green building rating or certification systems broaden the focus beyond the product to consider the project as a whole
• Green building rating systems


  A type of building certification system that rates or rewards relative levels of compliance or performance with specific environmental goals and requirements
• BERDE

  Building for Ecologically Responsive Design Excellence
• LEED


  • Developed by the United States Green Building Council
  • Rating tools for all building types and building phases
  • Metrics include energy savings, water efficiency, carbon dioxide emissions reduction, indoor environmental quality, and stewardship of resources and their impacts
  • Points-based rating system with levels: Certified, Silver, Gold, or Platinum
• BERDE


  • Established by the Philippine Green Building Council in 2009
  • Developed as a national voluntary green building rating system for the Philippines
  • Credit points earned across core framework including management, land and ecology, energy, water, waste, materials, transportation, indoor environment, and emissions
  • Rating levels from one star (lowest) to five stars (highest)
• The Philippine Green Building Code was launched in 2015 as a referral code to the National Building Code of the Philippines
• Philippine Green Building Code


  • Aims to counteract the harmful effects of climate change
  • Improve building performance through standards for energy efficiency, water efficiency, material sustainability, solid waste management, site sustainability, and indoor environmental quality
• Visionary architecture


  Depicts a mental picture produced by the imagination of unusual, impossible to visit everyday environments
• Conceptual architecture dissociates the physical nature of architectural design, but the idea and belief in these drawings and images conveys the true meaning of architecture and design
• Scaling


  The process of fabricating models, scaling them up and down, to allow the building design on paper to emerge and become visible
• Scaled models of visionary architecture were considered utopian and fantastic, enhancing the sense of fantasy through symbolic meanings
• Early visionary architects


  • Jan Vredeman de Vries
  • Giovanni Battista Piranesi
  • Etienne-Louis Boullee
  • Claude Nicolas Ledoux
  • Jean-Jacques Lequeu
• Late 20th century visionary architects


  • Peter Zumthor
  • Rem Koolhaas
  • Hermann Finsterlin
  • Lebbeus Woods
  • Sheila Sri Prakash
  • Yuri Avvakumov, Mikhail Belov, Alexander Brodsky, Mikhail Filippov, Ilya Utkin
  • Douglas Darden
• Modular design


  A design approach that subdivides a system into smaller, independently created modules or skids that can be used in different systems
• Modular design combines the advantages of standardization with those of customization
• Modular design


  Use of well-defined modular interfaces and making use of industry standards for interfaces
• Modular design


  • Flexibility in design
  • Reduction in costs
• Modular design


  Combines the advantages of standardization with those of customization
• Classical architecture


  The diameter of a column was used as basis for a number of modules
• Japanese architecture


  Room sizes were determined by combinations of rice mats which were 90x180cm
• Modular architecture


  Has functionally de-coupled interfaces between components, often leading to a one-to-one mapping between functional elements and design components
• Integral architecture


  Has coupled interfaces between components, tending to have more complex (not one-to-one) mapping from functional elements to design components
• Modularity


  • Using the same module in multiple configurations enabling a large variety of designs without using many component types
  • Reduced capital requirements
  • Economies of scale
• Modularity can achieve various designs, while achieving low-cost for development, as well as, cost saving in design and construction