Chapter 5

• What is the Atkinson-Shiffrin multi-store model of memory?


  A model outlining three separate stores of memory: sensory, short-term, and long-term.
• What is memory defined as in the study material?

  The process of encoding, storing, and retrieving information that has been previously encountered.
• Why is the Atkinson-Shiffrin model considered influential?

  It provides a framework for understanding how memory works through distinct stores.
• How do sensory, short-term, and long-term memory interact in the Atkinson-Shiffrin model?

  Information is encoded from sensory memory to short-term memory and then to long-term memory.
• What is the duration of sensory memory?

  Generally varies between 0.2 to 4 seconds.
• What happens to sensory information that is not attended to?


  It is completely lost.
• What is the capacity of sensory memory?

  Unlimited capacity.
• What is short-term memory (STM) also known as?


  Working memory.
• What is the limited capacity of short-term memory?


  7 ± 2 items (or 5 to 9 items).
• What is the duration of short-term memory for most people?

  18 to 30 seconds.
• What is rehearsal in the context of short-term memory?

  A controlled process involving consciously repeating or manipulating information.
• What are the two types of rehearsal mentioned in the study material?

  • Maintenance rehearsal: Repeating information to keep it in STM.
  • Elaborative rehearsal: Linking new information to existing knowledge.
• What is the process of encoding?


  The process of converting information into a usable form for storage in the brain.
• What is long-term memory (LTM) characterized by?


  A potentially unlimited amount of information stored for a relatively permanent time.
• What is the duration of long-term memory understood to be?


  Relatively permanent, theoretically stored forever.
• What can affect the retrieval of information from long-term memory?


  Not being aware of how to retrieve it or lacking the right retrieval cues.
• What are the three subtypes of sensory memory that have been studied extensively?

  Iconic memory, echoic memory, and haptic memory.
• What is the duration of iconic memory?


  0.2 to 0.4 seconds.
• What is the duration of echoic memory?


  3 to 4 seconds.
• What is the duration of haptic memory?


  Fewer than 2 seconds.
• What is the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory?


  It is a multi-store model that explains the process of memory.
• Why is it important to understand the strengths and limitations of the Atkinson-Shiffrin model?


  It helps consolidate understanding of the model and develop critical thinking skills.
• How do memory experiments and case studies of amnesia patients enhance the Atkinson-Shiffrin model?


  They provide evidence for the distinction between STM and LTM.