social studies (chapter 7)

• Globalisation


  The process through which ideas and activities of people living in different parts of the world become interconnected
• Interconnections created or established among people, businesses and countries


  Movement of books, services, people, knowledge and resources
• Technological advancements in transport


  • Improvements in speed and capacity of land, air and sea transport
• Technological advancements in transport


  • Shinkansen bullet trains in Japan travelling at 330 km/h
  • Container ships with carrying capacity of 25,000 to 600,000 tonnes
• Technological advancements in transport

  Faster movement of larger volumes of goods, services and people at lower costs
• Flying was considered a luxury in the 1950s, but with the rise of budget airlines, airfare decreased substantially and more people can afford it
• Digital technology


  Electronic tools, systems, devices and resources that generate, store or process data, and facilitate communication
• Developments in digital technology


  Rapidly improved communications and accelerated globalisation
• The prevalent use of the internet and social media has enabled people to stay connected, share information and do business across vast distances and time zones
• The use of the internet and social media may also easily create divisions among people, especially between people with differing perspectives on societal issues
• The digital divide refers to the gap between people who have access to digital technology and those who do not
• Multinational corporations (MNCs)


  Large companies that operate in multiple countries, often by setting up subsidiaries
• MNCs


  • Drive globalisation through their global supply chains
  • Choose to operate in different countries due to advantages like affordable supply of materials and labour
• MNCs setting up subsidiaries in other countries


  Increases the interconnection between people, activities and ideas across companies
• Globalisation is seen as more interdependent and interconnected relationships being established