Splinting

• Tests for ACL:

  • Lachman's test
  • Anterior drawer
• Test for PCL:

  • posterior drawer
  • 90/90
• test for LCL:

  • varus stress
• test for MCL:

  • valgus stress
• tests for ankle:

  • anterior drawer
  • inversion stress
  • eversion stress
  • Kleiger's test (high ankle sprain)
• any suspected fracture should be splinted:

  • lessen pain
  • prevent further damage
  • reduce the risk of serious bleeding
  • reduce the possibility of loss of circulation to the injured part
  • prevent open and displaced fractures
• you should splint in position found and splint joint above and below
• before and after splinting, you should check circulation and sensation
• splint types: rigid, vacuum, sam
• applying a rigid splint:

  • secure splint to limb
  • assess pulse, sensory, motor function prior to and after application of any splint
  • prevent excessive movement of injured limb
  • provide gentle support of limb
  • another person places the rigid splint alongside or under the limb
  • place padding between the limb and splint as needed
• vacuum splints:

  • styrofoam chips contained inside an airtight cloth, pliable sleeve
  • molds to shape of injury using a handheld pump to draw out the air from within the sleeve
• applying a vacuum splint:

  • stabilize and support the injury
  • place the splint and wrap it around the limb, use the Velcro straps and make the splint snug
  • draw the air out of the splint and seal the valve
  • check and record distal neurovascular function
• SAM splint:

  • waterproof
  • reusable
  • lightweight and compact
  • fastens in place with tape or any wrap
  • easy to clean
  • can be used on any joint
• hazards of improper splinting:

  • compression of nerves, tissues, and blood vessels
  • delay in transport of a patient with a life-threatening condition
  • aggravation of the injury (can cause legal issues)