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BIOLOGY
9.3 Introduction to living organisms
9.3.1 Animal and Plant Cells
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Kriti Kochhal
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Cards (22)
5
Kingdoms of living organisms
Plants
Animals
Fungi
Prokaryotes
(e.g. bacteria)
Protoctists
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All
living organisms can be classified into 5 different groups called
Kingdoms
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Cells
The basic
structure
of all
living
things
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Animal
cell
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi
apparatus
Lysosomes
Ribosomes
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Plant
cell
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Chloroplasts
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi
apparatus
Lysosomes
Vacuole
Ribosomes
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Functions of cell organelles
Not provided
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Cell
wall
Made of
cellulose
, a carbohydrate made from
glucose
molecules. Gives structure and allows plant cells to withstand high pressures.
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Plant
cells have a cell wall
Plant cells do not
burst
due to the cell wall
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Animal
cells and
plant
cells have differences
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Mitochondria
The organelles that release energy from
nutrient
molecules through
respiration
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Reasons
why animals need energy from respiration
Maintain constant
internal
temperature
Muscle
contraction
Growth
Cell
division
Protein
synthesis
Nerve
impulses
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Respiration
The chemical reactions in cells that
break down nutrient
molecules and
release energy
for metabolism
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Respiration is catalyzed by
enzymes
to
speed
up the reaction
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Mitochondria
Have an extra
membrane
that is folded to increase
surface area
, enzymes are found on this membrane
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Aerobic respiration
Uses
oxygen
to break down
nutrient
molecules
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Glucose
and
oxygen
are the raw materials required for aerobic respiration
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Producers
Plants that absorb light energy from the sun to make organic nutrients like
glucose
through
photosynthesis
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Photosynthesis
The process where plants use
light
energy to make
organic
nutrients
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Chlorophyll
The pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs
light energy
and makes plants
green
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Chloroplasts
are only found in plant cells that can perform photosynthesis, not in
roots
or the middle of the stem
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Photosynthesis
1.
Light
energy absorbed
2.
Carbon dioxide
and
water
react
3.
Glucose
and
oxygen
produced
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The word and symbol equation for
photosynthesis
is provided
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