Summary (test)

• Food Tests


  • Benedict's
  • Biuret
  • Iodine
  • Ethanol
  • DCPIP
• Balanced diets


  Having all 7 components (eg carbohydrates, fats, minerals etc) in the CORRECT proportions to provide enough energy for daily activities
• Deficiency diseases


  • Calcium deficiency
  • Kwashiorkor
  • Marasmus
  • Rickets
  • Scurvy
  • Anaemia
  • Anorexia
  • Obesity
• Biological molecules


  • Structure of carbohydrates, fats, proteins
• Digestive system structure and function


  • Mouth
  • Oesophagus
  • Stomach
  • Liver
  • Gallbladder
  • Pancreas
  • Large intestine
  • Small intestine

  
• Digestive enzymes


  • Amylase
  • Maltase
  • Protease (pepsin, trypsin)
  • Lipase
• Teeth and Tooth decay


  • Incisor
  • Canine
  • Premolar
  • Molar

  
• Enzymes and Temperature


  • High temps (above 40°C) - enzymes denature
  • Low temps - less kinetic energy, fewer collisions, fewer enzyme-substrate complexes
  • Optimum temp - many enzyme-substrate complexes

  
• Enzymes and pH


  • Optimum pH - many enzyme-substrate complexes
  • Too low or too high pH - enzyme denatures, active site changes shape
• Stomach and Liver


  • Stomach (hydrochloric acid, optimum pH for pepsin)
  • Liver and Gallbladder (bile production, pH 8)
• Small Intestine


  • Chemical digestion
  • Absorption (villi, microvilli, capillaries, lacteals)

  
• Carbohydrates


  Provides energy, found in potatoes, bread, rice
• Proteins


  Growth and repair of cells and tissues, found in protein, fish, meat, pulses, lentils
• Fats


  Insulation and long term store of energy, found in oils, butter
• Vitamins


  • Vitamin C (helps make collagen, found in oranges, lemons, grapefruit)
  • Vitamin D (helps body absorb calcium, found in fatty fish)
• Minerals


  • Iron (helps transport oxygen, found in red meat)
  • Calcium (makes teeth and bones strong, found in milk, cheese, yogurt)
• Fibre (roughage)


  Prevents constipation and colon cancer, helps movement of food through digestive system, found in wholewheat pasta, brown rice, fruits and vegetables
• Water


  Assists with chemical reactions in the body, found in fruits, vegetables, soup
• Molecule tested for, reagent used, starting colour, positive result colour: