chapter 13 - the urinary system

• Kidneys


  two brownish bean shaped organ located on each side of the spinal column that remove waste products from the blood and maintain acid base balance
• Nephron


  urine producing microscopic structure, millions of which are located in the kidney
• Glomerulus


  cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron where urine formation occurs
• Renal pelvis


  funnel-shaped reservoir that collects urine and passes it to the ureter
• Hilum


  indentation on the medial side of the kidney, where the ureter leaves the kidney
• Ureters


  two slender tubes, about 10 to 13 inches long, that receive urine from the kidneys
• Urinary bladder


  muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine
• Urethra


  lowest part of the urinary tract through which urine passes to the outside of the body
• Urinary meatus


  opening through which the urine passes to the outside
• Urinary system


  This system's main function in to remove urea, the waste product of metabolism, from the bloodstream and excrete the urea from the body
• Urea


  It is formed in the live from ammonia
• cystitis


  inflammation of the urinary bladder
• glomerulosclerosis


  hardening of the glomeruli
• nephrectomy


  surgical removal of a kidney
• pyelonephritis


  inflammation of the body and pelvis of the kidney
• ureterostenosis


  narrowing of the ureter
• urethritis


  inflammation of the urethra
• vesicocele


  hernia protrusion of the urinary bladder
• albuminuria


  excessive albumin in the urine
• ketonuria


  excessive ketones in the urine
• uremia


  excessive urea in the lood
• pyuria


  presence of pus in the urine
• Micturition


  the process if expelling or voiding urine
• Micturate


  comes from the Latin word mictus, which means "a making of water"
• anuria


  absence of urine formation
• diuresis


  increased excretion of urine
• dysuria


  painful of difficult urination
• enuresis


  urinary incontinence, including bedwetting
• hydronephrosis


  excessive accumulation of urine in the renal pelvis due to obstruction of a ureter
• nephritis


  inflammation of a kidney
• nephrolithiasis


  disorder characterized by the presence of stones in the kidney
• nephrosclerosis


  disorder characterized by hardening of kidney tissue
• nocturia


  excessive urination at night
• oliguria


  scanty production of urine
• polyuria


  excretion of an unusually large amounts of urine
• renal colic


  painful contractions of a ureter, usually due to obstruction by a kidney stone
• uremia


  elevated level of urea or other protein waste products in the blood
• ureterostenosis


  narrowing of one of both ureters
• urinary retention


  inability to expel urine
• catherization


  insertion of a catheter through the urethra and into the bladder to withdraw urine