Organic basics

• Hydrocarbons


  Contain carbon and hydrogen atoms only
• Types of hydrocarbons


  • Saturated
  • Unsaturated
• Saturated hydrocarbon


  Contains single carbon-carbon bonds only (e.g. butane)
• Unsaturated hydrocarbon


  Contains at least one multiple carbon-carbon bond, including C=C, C≡C, or aromatic rings (e.g. ethene)
• Saturated hydrocarbon


  • butane
• Types of aliphatic hydrocarbons


  • Straight-chain
  • Branched-chain
  • Alicyclic
• Straight-chain hydrocarbon


  Contains one continuous carbon chain only
• Branched-chain hydrocarbon


  Contains a shorter side chain bonded to a longer continuous carbon chain
• Alicyclic hydrocarbon


  Contains carbon atoms joined together in non-aromatic rings with or without side chains
• Aromatic hydrocarbon


  An unsaturated hydrocarbon that contains a benzene ring (e.g. benzene)
• Aliphatic hydrocarbons can be saturated (single C-C bonds) or unsaturated (contain at least one C=C, C≡C bond)
• Aromatic hydrocarbons are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain a benzene ring