CHAPTER: SPORTS AS AN INTRODUCTION

• Michael Jordan - considered by many basketball fanatics and experts as the greatest basketball player of all time
• Sports - an activity that requires physical actions and skills where individuals or teams compete under a set of rules
• Individual sports - played by one participant on each competing side
• Dual sports - played by two competing pairs
• Team sports - played with three or more players
• Sports is classified into 3 types:

  1. Individual sports
  2. Dual sports
  3. Team sports
• Some of the popular individual and dual games are: badminton, bowling, boxing, lawn tennis, track and field, table tennis, skating, and swimming.
• Team sports games are: basketball, football, softball, ultimate frisbee, and volleyball.
• In individual sports, the individual player is responsible for winning or losing, succeeding or failing.
• In team sports, many variables are considered to determine success and failure.
• EXAMPLES OF SPORTS (Individual, Dual, Team)

  Badminton: yes yes yes

  Basketball: no no yes

  Bowling: yes no yes

  Boxing: yes no yes

  Football: no no yes

  Lawn Tennis: yes yes yes

  Track and Field: yes no yes

  Table Tennis/Pingpong: yes yes yes

  Skating: yes yes yes

  Softball: no no yes

  Swimming: yes no yes

  Volleyball: no no yes

  Volleyball (Beach): no yes no
• Aspects to consider in learning sports:

  1. History - the inventor of sports, country of origin, development of the game
  2. Court Dimensions/Venue - games are played (indoor, outdoor, or both); and safety procedures for the players
  3. Equipment and Gear - outfits that also involve the safety of players and the officials
• 4. Technical and Tactical Skills - technical skills; the basics of playing (e.g., basketball - dribble, shoot, pass), while tactical skills; strategies to take advantage of the game

  5. Rules of the Game - set of rules on how the game is played, violations, penalties, etc.

  6. Officiating - officials of the game, their duties, and responsibilities of calling for violations, penalties, etc.
• James Naismith - the inventor of Basketball (Switzerland)
• William G. Morgan - inventor of volleyball (USA)
• 5 Steps in Teaching Technical Skills:

  • Distinguish the important decisions
  • Establishing essential knowledge for athletes
  • Recognizing the signals in situations
  • Giving appropriate tactical options
  • Planning a practice game
• CONSIDERATION FOR TRAINING:

  • Preparation/Planning
  • Training Proper
• Health-related physical fitness - aerobic capacity, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition
• Skill-related physical fitness - sometimes called sports fitness or motor fitness; people who achieve them find it easy to high levels of performance in motor skills
• FITT-VP Meaning:

  Frequency - number of exercise sessions in a week

  Intensity - load or difficulty level of the exercise

  Time - duration or distance covered in an exercise session

  Type - form of exercise

  Volume - total duration of exercise performed in a week
• Components of skill-related physical fitness: agility, balance, coordination, power, reaction time, and speed.
• Safety measures to avoid unnecessary injuries:

  • Safety Equipment
  • Hydration
  • Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity
  • Weather Condition
• Management - a key factor to success in any physical and sports education program
• Organization - the structural planning of roles to implement necessary functions
• Management - deals with the tasks and accountabilities needed to accomplish the objectives through cooperation
• Management - involves five major functions: planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling.
• Qualities of a Good Leader:

  Administrative mind - having an open mind and objectively evaluating circumstances

  Integrity - trustworthy of classified information; truthful, genuine, and committed to his/her words

  Good human relations - gets along with others while instilling good relations
• Healthy and fit - for an uninterrupted flow in getting a demanding job done

  Ready to take on responsibilities - accountable to tasks and handling of personnel

  Awareness of work - know-how on specific field of organization

  Intellectual capacity - competitiveness in thinking and logical reasoning; effective at imparting and applying knowledge
• Tournament officials - in charge of officiating the event
• Officiating - classified as outside officiating or professional officiating and self-officiating
• Court or field officials - officials within the game court or field, calling the violations and penalties
• Table officials - those who handle time, scores, reviews, and record statistics
• BASES OF GOOD SPORTS OFFICIATING:

  • Ability - talent and competency for the job
  • Preparation - method of getting set ahead of time
  • Experience - acquired knowledge and capabilities from previous involvements in actual events
• QUALITIES OF AN OFFICIAL:

  • Confidence - has self-confidence
  • Consistency - calling violations and rulings constantly
  • Decisiveness - decision should be quick
  • Enjoyment/Motivation - having fun and a sense of enjoyment
  • Integrity - deciding games in an honest manner
  • Judgment - an in-depth and continuing knowledge of the rules
  • Poise - staying unaffected by emotions
  • Rapport - effectively relating with everyone
• The following are the major considerations in selecting types of competitions or tournaments:

  • Type of activity
  • Number of competitors
  • Available space and time
• TYPES OF TOURNAMENT FORMATS:

  1. Challenge Tournaments - winners go up and losers go down
  2. Round-robin Tournaments - most commonly used and one of the top competitive tournament types as it permits maximal play
  3. Elimination Tournaments - for a short round of matches
• TYPES OF CHALLENGE TOURNAMENTS:

  • Ladder - single-player competitions
  • Pyramid - has more players at the lower level
  • Spider Web - bracketing design take by the shape of a spider web
• Lombard Round-robin - a round-robin variation used for a limited allotted period
• TYPES OF ELIMINATION TOURNAMENT:

  • Single/Straight Elimination - when a player or team loses, they get eliminated
  • Double Elimination - similar to single elimination
• Marketing - an important process during the conduct of physical education (PE), recreation, and sports programs