The upper beach closest to the land, including any cliffs or sand dunes.
Abrasion is...
A form of erosion where loose material 'sandpapers' the walls and floors of the river, cliff or glacier.
Beach morphology is...
The surface shape of the beach.
Coastal Recession is...
The retreat of a coastline due to erosion, sea- level rise or submergence.
Concordant Coast is...
A coastline where bands of alternate geology run parallel to the coast.
A Dalmatian Coast is:
A concordant coastline with several river valleys running perpendicular to the coast.
They become flooded to produce parallel long islands and long intels.
DEFRA's 1:1 Cost-Benefit Analysis:
The evaluation of a coastal town's economic value compared to the cost of the management required.
A discordant coast is a coastline where bands of alternate geology run perpendicular to the shore.
Dynamic Equilibrium:
Refers to the attempt by a natural system to achieve a balance by making constant changes in response to a constantly changing system.
Only reached when the rates on inputs and outputs of the systems are equal, despite these constant changes.
Emergent Coast:
a coastline that is advancing relative to the sea level at the time
Eustatic is..
Global changes to sea levels.
Foreshore is defined as...
The lower part of the beach covered at least twice a day at high tide.
It is the part of the beach receiving the most regular/ constant wave action.
Freeze- thaw is a process that is a form of physical sub-aerial weathering where water freezes in the cracks of a rock, then expanding and enlarging the original crack (weakening the rock).
Geology is:
The structure and arrangement of a rock.
Glacial Erosion:
Refers to the removal of loose material by glacier ice- involving plucking, abrasion, crushing and basal meltwater.
Necessary in the formation of Fjords.
Grading is the layering of sediments based on their size.
High- energy environment:
A coast where wave action is predominantly large destructive waves, causing a great deal of erosion.
Impermeable refers to...
A characteristic of a rock that means rainwater does not pass through.
Isostatic:
A change in local coastline or land height relative to the sea level.
Littoral Cell:
A section of the coast- within which involves plenty of sediment movement.
Permeable refers to...
A characteristic of a rock that allows rainwater to pass through.
Plant Succession:
A process by which a series of different plant communities occupy an area over time.
Can occur after events like forest fires.
Sub-aerial Processes:
Encapsulates the joint effects of mass movement and weathering on the coastal land above sea.
Submergent coast is a coast that is sinking relative to the sea level of the time.
Till:
Deposits of angular rock fragments in a finer medium.