Sociology

• Sociology


  The study of human behavior
• Positivism


  The term used by August Comte, the founder of Sociology
• Sociologists from Chapter 1


  • Mr. DuBois
  • Ms. Addams
• Sociologists from Chapter 1


  • Mr. DuBois founded the NAACP
  • Ms. Addams founded Hull House
• Types of Sociology


  • Basic/Pure- understand
  • Applied- change
• Microsociology


  A small-scale study
• Macrosociology


  A large-scale study
• Not all subcultures are countercultures, but all countercultures are subcultures
• Deviance


  An act that is abnormal to society
• All crimes are acts of deviance, and not all acts of deviance are crimes
• American core values


  • Freedom
  • Democracy
• Value contradiction


  When two values butt heads and don't align
• Moral holiday


  A day when things that are out of the ordinary are accepted
• Culture


  The way of life of a group of people
• Cultural diffusion


  The spread of culture through people
• Sociological theories


  • Symbolic Interaction
  • Functionalism
  • Conflict
• Ethnocentrism


  Thinking one's culture is better than everyone else's
• Cultural Relativism


  Understanding the different cultures
• Aggregate


  People who share a common interest but are not in a group
• Family of Procreation- immediate family
• Family of Orientation


  Family that raised you but is not your immediate family
• Polygamy


  Marrying multiple spouses
• Hypothesis


  An educated guess
• Research methods used in sociology


  • Surveys
  • Case study
  • Interviews
• Agents of Socialization


  People who teach the norms
• Ascribed social status


  The status you were born with
• Achieved social status


  The status given to you once you earned it
• Master Status


  Your most significant social identity
• Dramaturgy


  Views social interactions as theoretical performances
• Ethnomethodology


  The study of the methods people use in everyday life
• Society


  A group of people who live in the same area, interact together, and have the same culture
• Elements of Freud's personality


  • Id
  • Ego
  • Superego
• Prejudice


  The feeling of prejudice against a group
• Discrimination


  The act of prejudice against a group
• Racism


  Prejudice and discrimination based on race
• Sexism


  Prejudice and discrimination based on sex
• Individual discrimination


  Discrimination based on one's identity in a specific group
• Institutional discrimination


  Discrimination in institutions and workplaces
• Coalition


  A temporary alliance
• Types of leadership


  • Authoritarian
  • Laissez-faire
  • Democratic