proteins

• INSULIN = peptide hormone ; increase glucose uptake and convert it to glycogen
• PROTEINS = contain amide bonds ; joining amino acids
• PROTEINS

  • 50% dry weight of human body
• PROTEINS = should be consumed daily ; not stored
• RECOMMENDED DAILY INTAKE = ADULT

  • 0.8 g per kg body weight
  • > 0.8 for children
• ALANINE = non-polar ; methyl grp

  
• VALINE = non-polar

  
• LEUCINE = non polar

  
• ISOLEUCINE = isomer of leucine

  
• SERINE = polar ; hydroxyl

  
• THREONINE = polar ; methyl & hydroxyl

  
• CYSTEIN = ch2 & thiol -SH

  
• METHIONINE = non-polar ; sulfur

  
• ASPARTATE = ch2 + cooh

  
• GLUTAMATE = glutamic acid ; 2 ch2 + cooh

  
• ASPARAGININE = polar ; amide + ch2

  
• LYSINE = 4 ch2 + nh3

  
• ARGININE = similar to lysine ; more nitrogen

  
• PHENYLALANINE = aromatic ; ch2 + aromatic

  
• PROLINE = heterocyclic

  
• TYROSINE = ch2 + aromatic + oh

  
• HISTIDINE = non-polar

  
• TRYPTOPHAN = 2 aromatic

  
• MOST ACIDIC AMINO ACID = ASPARTATE

  MOST BASIC AMINO ACID = LYSINE
• OXYTOCIN & VASOPRESSIN = CYCLIC NONPEPTIDE

  • identical sequence ; except 2 amino acids
• OXYTOCIN = LEUCINE

  VASOPRESSIN = ARGININE
• GLUTATHIONE = glutamyl cysteinyl glycine
• ENKEPHALINS = pentapeptides made in brain

  • pain killers
  • sedatives by binding to pain receptors
• ENKEPHALINS = MORPHINE & HEROIN

  • same pain receptors
• ENDORPHINS = pain reducing & mood enhancing effects