Volcanoes!

• Volcano


  An opening in the Earth's crust where lava, molten rocks, and gaseous materials are forced out
• How a volcanic eruption occurs


  1. Tectonic plates collide

  2. Massive rocks underground deform

  3. Temperature and pressure build up

  4. Rocks melt to become magma

  5. Magma rises to the surface and volcanoes erupt
• Crater


  The opening of a volcano
• Magma chamber


  Deeply under the crater, where the magma is stored
• Volcanic vent


  The cylindrical channel that connects the crater to the magma chamber
• Lava


  The magma that flows out on the surface
• Explosive eruption


  When a large amount of fragmented materials are ejected by the volcano into the air
• Pyroclastic materials


  Consist of lava, ashes, volcanic gas, and rocks
• Non-explosive eruption


  When lava just flows out of the crater and gaps along the side of the volcano
• Types of volcanoes

  • Active volcano
  • Dormant volcano
  • Extinct volcano
• Active volcano


  Currently erupting or showing regular signs of activity like earthquakes and significant gas emission
• Dormant volcano


  Erupted in the past but has entered a long period of inactivity
• Extinct volcano


  Has not shown signs of activity for a long period of time and has no records of volcanic eruptions in the past thousand years
• Volcanic eruptions


  Can cause damage to plants, animals, people, and properties
• Volcanic eruptions


  Can also have beneficial effects, such as making the soil fertile and providing industrial materials
• The rocks from volcanoes help scientists to study the interior of the Earth
• Parts of a volcano

  Crater:opening of a volcano

  Magma chamber:giant underground pool of melted rock

  Secondary vent:another way out for the magma

  Vent:connects crater to magma chamber