IsaacNewton - formulated the three laws of motion & universal gravitation when he concluded that the earth is attracted to the fallen apple and vice versa
3 Laws of Motion:
Law of Inertia
Law of Acceleration
Law of Interaction (Action-Reaction)
LawofInertia - objects will remain at rest or continue to move at a constant speed unless acted upon by unbalanced forces
Balanced vs Unbalanced Forces
Balanced: stays at rest
Unbalanced: one will move
Law of Acceleration - acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied on an object and indirectly proportional to the mass of an object
Acceleration - rate of change of velocity in respect to time
a=v/t
Law of Acceleration Formulas:
F=ma; N
m=F/a; kg
a=F/m; m/s^2
Law of Interaction (Action-Reaction) - for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction; these actions act in pairs
Law of Universal Gravitation - every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
Law of Universal Gravitation Formula:
G =gravitational constant (6.67 x 10^-11 nm2/kg2)
m1 = mass of first subject; m2 = mass of 2nd object
r = distance between their centers
Momentum - mass in motion (kg⋅m/s^2)
p=mv (p - momentum, m - mass, v - velocity)
m=p/v
v=p/m
4 cases of momentum:
Large mass & velocity
Large mass, less velocity
Less mass, large velocity
Less mass & velocity
Impulse - force that acts in a particular time that causes the momentum of an object to change
Δ = change
Unit = N⋅s (newton second)
Impulse-Momentum Theorem - The impulse is equal to the change in momentum.
FΔt=mΔv=Δp; "change in time=change in velocity=change in momentum"
Below is an alternative formula to acceleration (2nd law)
Law of Conservation of Momentum - total momentum before collision is equal to total momentum after collision
Two types:
Elastic - when objects collide and separate immediately into different directions
Inelastic - when objects collide and stick together, then proceed to move to a single direction