Laws of Motion

• Isaac Newton - formulated the three laws of motion & universal gravitation when he concluded that the earth is attracted to the fallen apple and vice versa
• 3 Laws of Motion:

  1. Law of Inertia
  2. Law of Acceleration
  3. Law of Interaction (Action-Reaction)
• Law of Inertia - objects will remain at rest or continue to move at a constant speed unless acted upon by unbalanced forces
• Balanced vs Unbalanced Forces

  • Balanced: stays at rest
  • Unbalanced: one will move

  
• Law of Acceleration - acceleration is directly proportional to the force applied on an object and indirectly proportional to the mass of an object
• Acceleration - rate of change of velocity in respect to time

  • a=v/t
• Law of Acceleration Formulas:

  • F=ma; N
  • m=F/a; kg
  • a=F/m; m/s^2
• Law of Interaction (Action-Reaction) - for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction; these actions act in pairs
• Law of Universal Gravitation - every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them
• Law of Universal Gravitation Formula:

  • G =gravitational constant (6.67 x 10^-11 nm2/kg2)
  • m1 = mass of first subject; m2 = mass of 2nd object
  • r = distance between their centers

  
• Momentum - mass in motion (kg⋅m/s^2)

  • p=mv (p - momentum, m - mass, v - velocity)
  • m=p/v
  • v=p/m
• 4 cases of momentum:

  1. Large mass & velocity
  2. Large mass, less velocity
  3. Less mass, large velocity
  4. Less mass & velocity
• Impulse - force that acts in a particular time that causes the momentum of an object to change

  • Δ = change
  • Unit = N⋅s (newton second)

  
• Impulse-Momentum Theorem - The impulse is equal to the change in momentum.

  • FΔt=mΔv=Δp; "change in time=change in velocity=change in momentum"
  • Below is an alternative formula to acceleration (2nd law)

  
• Law of Conservation of Momentum - total momentum before collision is equal to total momentum after collision

  Two types:

  • Elastic - when objects collide and separate immediately into different directions
  • Inelastic - when objects collide and stick together, then proceed to move to a single direction
• Elastic and Inelastic Collisions Formulas:

  • m1=mass of 1st object
  • m2=mass of 2nd object
  • vi1=initial velocity of 1st object
  • vi2=initial velocity of 2nd object
  • vf1=final velocity of 1st object
  • vf2=final velocity of 2nd object

  
• Kinematic Equations (for uniformly accelerated motion) formulas:

  
• Free Fall motion formulas:

  • Δ y is distance (nakuha ko lang e2 sa net)