practic

• Metamorphic rocks


  Rocks that form through the transformation of existing rocks due to heat, pressure, or chemical processes
• Parent rock


  The original rock that is transformed into a new rock
• Daughter rock


  The new rock that is formed from the transformation of the parent rock
• Daughter rock


  • Marble
  • Slate
• Parent rock


  • Shale
  • Limestone
• The digestion system
• Function= To break down food into smaller molecules (such as glucose) to be used by cells.
• The broken down food is then absorbed into the bloodstrem from the smaller intestine and the nutrients are carried to each cell in the body
• First place digestion occurs is in the mouth.
• Teeth: Bite and chew food to break it down
• Salivary glands: produces saliva which breaks down starch in food
• You produce 1.5L of saliva a day
• Tongue: Rolls food into a ball then pushes it to the back of the mouth to than be swallowed.
• Epiglottis: a flap of tissue that closes off the trachea to prevent choking
• second place digestion occurs is the oesophagus
• the oesophagus is a food pipe that carries food from the mouth to the stomach using peristalsis, which is a involuntary muscle movement
• the third place digestion occurs is the stomach
• the stomach is a food storage area that can hold 2 to 4L of food.
• Muscle movement in the stomach wall mix the food with gastric juices that break down proteins
• the forth area digestion occurs in is the small intestine
• This is where the nutrients from food are absorbed into the bloodstream
• The small intestine is where the digestive system and the circulatory system meet
• the small intestine is 6m long but is smaller in diameter compared to the large intestine.
• The fifth area goes through is the large intestine which is where undigested foood is passed into. Water, salts, vitamins, and any remaining sugars are absorbed to than be reused by the body.
• The last place digestion of food goes is the rectum/anus which is where faeces are stored until able to be released through the anus.
• Other important organs are the pancreas and liver
• pancreas make enzymes that break down proteins, fats and carbohydrates.
• Livers make bile which is something that breaks down quickly. The liver also stores vitamin A, vitamin D, and iron.
• Digestive enzymes: Amylases = carbohydrates
• Proteases = Proteins
• Lipase=lipids ( fat)
• types of digestion
• mechanical digestion: physically breaking down food
• for example slicing, grinding, mashing and churning to break substances into smaller pieces and mix them together.
• chemical digestion: using chemical reactions to convert substances into simpler chemicals that can be easily absorbed by the body. saliva, gastric juices, pancreatic enzymes are all examples of chemical digestion as they involve chemicals
• geology is the study of rocks, and the scientists that study them are called geologists
• The crust is the outermost layer of the Earth and is made up of solid rock.
• under the crust is a layer called the mantle, the asthenosphere is part of the mantle and the rocks here can move slowly
• The core of the earth is very dense and made of mostly iron and nickel. The inner core if solid but the outer core is liquid.
• the lithosphere is the rigid outer shell of the earth