coordinate

• Latitude


  Horizontal mapping lines on Earth
• Longitude


  Vertical mapping lines on Earth, known as "meridians"
• Latitude


  • Lines run parallel to the equator
  • Measure how far north or south of the equator a place is located
• Longitude


  • Measure how far a location is east or west of the Prime Meridian
  • 180 vertical longitude lines east and 180 west of the Prime Meridian
• Prime Meridian


  Universal vertical line that runs north and south over the British Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England
• International Date Line


  180-degree line that is directly opposite of the Prime Meridian
• Prominent circles (parallels) of latitude


  • Equator (0° latitude)
  • Tropic of Cancer (23.5° N)
  • Tropic of Capricorn (23.5° S)
  • Arctic Circle (66.5° N)
  • Antarctic Circle (66.5° S)

  
• Polar circles (Arctic and Antarctic Circles)


  • Denote the most northern and southern locations where the sun remains continuously above the horizon for 24 hours at least once a year
  • Very cold climate

  
• Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn


  • Most northern and southern positions where the sun is directly overhead at least once a year
  • Temperate climate
• Latitude lines


  A numerical way to measure how far west or east of the equator, a place is located

  
• 180-degree line


  A single vertical line called the International Date Line and is directly opposite of the Prime Meridian

  
• Equator


  The starting point for measuring latitude--that's why it's marked as 90 degrees latitude

  
• In the winter, the areas above the Arctic Circle, and the areas below the Antarctic Circle, experience days when the sun does not rise
• Prominent circles (parallels) of latitude of the Earth


  • Arctic Circle
  • Tropic of Cancer
  • Equator
  • Tropic of Capricorn
  • Antarctic Circle

  
• Horizontal lines on a map


  Lines of latitude

  
• Vertical lines on a map

  Lines of longitude

  
• Polar circles


  Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle
• Tropics


  Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn
• International Date Line


  A single vertical line which is exactly 180 degrees

  
• Vertical mapping lines on Earth


  Lines of longitude, also known as meridians

  
• Horizontal mapping lines on Earth


  Lines of latitude, also known as parallels

  
• Starting point for measuring longitude

  Prime Meridian

  
• Latitude locations


  Given as X degrees North or X degrees South

  
• Longitude locations


  Given as X degrees East or X degrees West

  
• Prime Meridian line


  Runs vertically, north and south, right over the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, England

  
• Tropic of Cancer


  Located at 23.5° North of the equator
• Antarctic Circle


  Located at 66.5° South of the equator

  
• Climate in Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle

  Always very cold