Biology

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kanx

Cards (532)

Characteristics of living organisms 
Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Growth
Reproduction
Excretion
Nutrition
Movement 
An action by an organism or part of an organism causing a change of position or place
Respiration 
The chemical reactions in cells that break down nutrient molecules and release energy for metabolism
Sensitivity 
The ability to detect or sense stimuli in the internal or external environment and to make appropriate responses
Growth 
Permanent increase in size and dry mass by an increase in cell number or cell size or both
Reproduction 
The process that makes more of the same kind of organism
Excretion 
Removal from organisms of the waste, toxic materials, and substances in excess of requirements
Nutrition 
Taking in of materials for energy, growth and development; plants require light, carbon dioxide, water and ions; animals need organic compounds and ions and water
Organisms can be classified into groups by features they show
Before the advance of technology and science, classification was traditionally based on morphology and anatomy
Now, we can more accurately classify organisms by analyzing their DNA rather than look at appearance alone
Organisms which share similar DNA base sequences and protein amino acid sequences are more likely to be closely related
Binomial nomenclature 
An internationally agreed system in which the scientific name of an organism is made up of two parts: Genus and Species
Kingdoms 
Animal
Plant
Fungus
Monera
Protista
Cell components 
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
DNA
Ribosomes
Enzymes
Differences between kingdoms 
Cell number
Cell wall
Nucleus
Chlorophyll
Animal kingdom classification 
Vertebrate
Invertebrate
Vertebrate animals 
Fish
Amphibians
Reptiles
Birds
Mammals
Invertebrate animals 
Insects
Arachnids
Crustaceans
Myriapods
Other Invertebrates
Plant kingdom classification 
Ferns
Flowering plants
Differences between monocots and dicots 
Seed
Root
Flower
Leaf
Pollen
Dichotomous key 
A tool that allows the users to determine the identity of items in the natural world
A dichotomous key consists of a series of choices that lead the user to the correct name of a given item
This insect has wings, and has a pair visible, so the answer is B
Parts of a virus 
Protein coat
Genetic material
Cell structures 
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Chloroplast
Permanent vacuole
Cell membrane 
Allows or disallows certain things entering and exiting the cell
Nucleus 
Contains genetic information (DNA)
Cytoplasm 
Jelly-like substance in which everything else in the cell is suspended
Mitochondrion 
The powerhouse of the cell where respiration occurs
Plants have extra structures like cell walls for support and chloroplasts for photosynthesis
Plants have a permanent vacuole, whereas animal cells have small temporary ones
Structures in the cell 
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Cell membrane
Nucleus
Cytoplasm
Cell wall
Chloroplast
Vacuole
Mitochondria
Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) 
A set of tubular membranes near the nucleus which have ribosomes studded onto it for protein synthesis
Ribosomes 
Site of protein synthesis, can be found on the RER or free in the cytoplasm
Functions of cell structures
Cell membrane: Selective control of what goes in and out of the cell
Nucleus: Carries genetic material (DNA)
Cytoplasm: Site of chemical reactions
Cell wall: Structural support for the plant cell
Chloroplast: Site of photosynthesis
Vacuole: Storage of nutrients
RER: Studded with ribosomes
Ribosomes: Site of protein synthesis
Mitochondria: Site of aerobic respiration
Levels of organisation 
Cell
Tissue
Organ
Organ system
Specialised cells 
Ciliated cells: Movement of mucus
Root hair cells: Absorption
Palisade cells: Photosynthesis
Nerve cells: Conduction of electrical impulses
Red blood cells: Transport of oxygen
Sperm and egg cells: Reproduction
Plant cell wall 
Structural support for the cell
Chloroplast 
Site of photosynthesis