MTLB: HIV laws

• Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 - RA 8504
• Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018
• What is the legislative reference number assigned to the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018? RA 11166
• On what date was the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018 signed into law by President Rodrigo Duterte? December 20, 2018
• Which two prominent figures lobbied for the enactment of the Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018? senator risa hontiveros and kaka bag-ao of dinagat islands
• Philippine HIV and AIDS Policy Act of 2018 The government is mandated to create relevant policies and adopt a multi-sectoral involvement for the prevention of HIV infection and to ensure accessibility to hospital services create a question each bullet
• transcribe HIV??

  Human immunodeficiency virus
• HIV Obligate intracellular parasites which infect CD4+ cells or the T-helper cell
• Family retroviridae is a Single-stranded, enveloped RNA
• give the 3 Enzymes of the virus that infect healthy cells

  1. reverse transcriptase
  2. integrase
  3. protease
• Reverse transcriptase is used for the virus transcription of RNA to DNA inside the cell
• Integrase is virus utilizes to penetrate the target cells in the body
• Protease is responsible for the maturation of the virus inside the target cell
• Gp120 and gp41 is important glycoproteins located on the surface of the viral wall and responsible for the point attachment to target cells
• Obligate - genetic level resemble some attributes of the parasites but this means that they need other living things to replicate/reproduce
• HIV family is retroviridae
• HIV genus is lentivirus
• The global symbol for solidarity with HIV-positive people and those living with AIDS is the red ribbon. It serves as a universal sign of support, awareness, and compassion for those affected by HIV/AIDS.
• December 1, 1988 is recognized as World AIDS Day, to raise awareness about the HIV/AIDS pandemic and to commemorate those who have died from the disease.
• Myths about HIV:

  • You will not get HIV by sleeping with a virgin
  • Donating blood will give you HIV
  • You cannot get HIV from a person who appears healthy
  • Washing the penis/vagina after sexual intercourse will prevent HIV
  • You may contract HIV from mosquito bites
  • AIDS can be cured
• • 6 mouth parts: four are used to pierce the skin; the other two are composed of two tubes - one sends saliva into the host, and the other sends blood up to the mosquito. Only saliva is injected into humans.
  • No T cells exist inside the mosquito’s gut, so the virus has no way of replicating or migrating to the mosquito’s salivary glands.
  • HIV circulates in human blood at a far lower level than would be necessary to create a new infection; it would take 10 million mosquito bites to transmit one unit of HIV.
• Other Myths:

  • HIV and AIDS are the same thing.
  • HIV is a death sentence.
  • If you have sex with someone living with HIV, you will get HIV too.
  • People with HIV can’t have children.
  • If both partners are HIV-positive, there’s no need for condoms.
• Facts about HIV:

  • HIV can be contracted by having sex for money.
  • Practicing oral sex may give you HIV.
  • Anal sex presents a higher risk of HIV.
  • Effective use of condoms will help prevent HIV.
  • Having multiple sexual partners puts you at a greater risk of getting HIV
• HIV Highest case is anal sex than vaginal

  Reason: rectal lining is more susceptible to hiv infection than vaginal lining (there are greater hiv target cells in that area)
• Condom is 96%
• YOU CAN GET HIV VIA...

  • Sex without a condom
  • Passed from mother to baby
  • Sharing injecting equipment
  • Contaminated blood transfusions & organ transplants
• Three major routes of transmission:

  • Sexual route
  • Mother-to-child route (perinatal)
  • Parenteral inoculation
• Sexual transmission includes:

  • Sexual intercourse (vaginal and anal)
  • Oral sex
  • Heterosexual transmission
• Non-sexual transmission includes:

  • Sharing of infected needles
  • Needle sticks
  • Blood transfusion
  • Hemophilia treatment
  • Mother-to-child transmission
• The following body fluids contain small traces of HIV but not enough to transmit HIV:

  • Saliva
  • Tears
  • Feces
  • Sweat
  • Sputum
  • Nasal secretions
  • Urine
• Infectious Fluids:

  • Blood
  • Semen
  • Rectal fluid
  • Vaginal fluid
  • Breast milk
• An HIV+ pregnant woman can transmit HIV to her baby in three ways:

  • During pregnancy
  • During vaginal childbirth
  • Through breastfeeding
• Origin of HIV:

  • Both are primate origin (humans, monkeys, and apes)
• HIV-1:

  • Central common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes )
  • Two copies of single-stranded RNA enclosed by a conical capsid which is surrounded by a plasma membrane that is formed from part of the host cell membrane
  • More virulent and easily transmitted
  • Source of the majority of HIV infections
  • Causative agent of AIDS in the US and Europe during early years
• HIV-2:

  • Sooty mangabey (Cercocebus atys), old world monkey of Guinea Bissau, Gabon, and Cameroon
  • Morphologically indistinguishable from HIV-1
  • Less easily transmitted
  • Largely confined to West Africa
• The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998, enacted on February 13, 1998
• The Philippine AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 1998 (February 13, 1998) requires:

  • The witness to produce a document or documents pertinent to a proceeding.
  • Summons to appear and give oral testimony for use at a hearing or trial.
• RA 8504 An act promulgating policies and prescribing measures for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines, instituting a nationwide HIV/AIDS information and educational program, establishing a comprehensive HIV/AIDS monitoring system, strengthening the Philippine National AIDS Council, and for other purposes.
• RA 8504

  • Compulsory HIV testing shall be considered unlawful.
  • The right to privacy of individuals with HIV shall be guaranteed.
  • Discrimination, in all its forms and subtleties, against individuals with HIV or persons perceived or suspected of having HIV shall be considered inimical to individual and national interest.
  • Provision of basic health and social services for individuals with HIV shall be assured.
• SECTION 2: Declaration of Policies

  • Promote public awareness through an educational and information campaign.
  • Extend to every person suspected or known to be infected with HIV/AIDS full protection of his/her human rights and civil liberties, including the right to privacy, freedom from discrimination, and access to basic health and social services.
  • Promote utmost safety and universal precautions.
  • Positively address and seek to eradicate conditions that aggravate the spread of HIV infection.
  • Recognize the potential role of affected individuals in propagating vital information