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Language
Lecture 4
Orthographic neighbourhood & N400
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Cards (8)
N400
negative
component
peak
latency
around
400ms
bi-lateral
slightly
posterior
distribution -
both
hemispheres
N400 effect (
amplitude
modulation)
(mis)match of word
meaning
with preceding
context
semantic
priming
N400:
Sensitive
to organisation of semantic knowledge? Federmeier & Kutas (1999) - predictions
If N400 sensitive to organization of semantic knowledge = will
differ
for
within-category
to between-category
violations
If not sensitive =
same
N400 for both kinds of violation
N400: sensitive to organisation of
semantic
knowledge? - Federmeier & Hutas 1999
Recorded
EEG
data while participants
viewed
sentences with semantic
violations
N400 =
sensitive
Within-category violations elicited
larger
N400
amplitudes
/ responses compared to
between-category
violations.
Orthographic
neighbourhood - Coltheart, Davelaar, Jonasson & Besner, 1977
Non-words with low
lexical
neighbourhood
recognised
as
words
more
quickly
than those from
large
lexical
neighbourhoods
inhibitory
effect of neighbourhood in non-words
Orthographic neighbourhood - Andrews, 1989
Words with
large
lexical neighbourhood
recognised
as words more
quickly
than those from low lexical neighbourhoods
Facilitatory
effect of neighbourhood in words
Orthographic neighbourhood -
partial
activation of all neighbourhood words - Grainger & Jacobs, 1996
Lexical decision based upon
activation
level of
individual
word
or
Lexical decisions based upon
global
lexical
activity
Orthographic neighbourhood &
N400
- Halcomb, Grainger, O'Rourke 2002
N400 sensitive to
semantic
aspects of word
processing
For words and non-words
N400
larger
when word has
more
semantic
association
(Kounios & Holcomb, 1992)
Orthographic
Neighbourhood and the N400 Holcomb, Grainger, & O’Rourke, 2002
partial activation of orthographic neighbours =
Larger
semantic
activation
with larger
neighbourhoods
Difference in
total
semantic activation reflected in
size
of N400
Predicts: Larger
N400
for larger
neighbourhoods
- words & non-words