Cell structure and functions

• Cell wall

  • nonliving component composed of cellulose, a polysaccharide
• Plasma Membrane

  • composed of double layers of phospholipids, proteins, carbohydrate and steroids
• Mitochondrion

  • powerhouse house of the cell
• Vacuole

  • compartment covered by a single membrane called tonoplast
• Golgi apparatus

  • connected to the plasma membrane and endoplasmic reticulum
• Cytoplasm

  • complex fluid that fills the cell
• Nuclear membrane

  • double layered membrane that encloses the nucleus
• Nucleolus

  • spherical body inside the nucleus
  • contains nuclear acid RNA
• Nucleoplasm or nuclear sap

  • gel life material that fills the nucleus
• Chromosomes

  • highly coiled structures that form a network over the nucleoplasm
• Nucleus

  • spherical body that us composed of organells 7 to 10
• Endoplasmic reticulum

  • network of chanels that is composed of a single membrane that may be bumpy

  Bumpy - Rough ER (contains ribosomes)

  Smooth - Smooth ER (does not contain ribosomes)
• Chloroplast

  • double membrane structure that contains chlorophyll pigments
• Centrioles

  • two small rods that lie at right angles to each other
• Lysosome

  • suicide bag of the cell
• Cell

  • basic structural and functional unit of life
• Robert Hooke

  • discovered tiny compartments in a thin slide of cork using his compound microscope
• Vivo

  • inside the cell
• Vitro

  • outside the cell
• Multicellular

  • made up of many cells
• Unicellular

  • made out of a single cell
• Prokaryotic cell

  • lack distinct nuclei and not membrane bound

  Pro - before

  Karyon - nucleus
• Eukaryotic

  • have distinct nuclei and are membrane bound organelles
• Organelles

  • small membrane bound structures that perform specific functions that make life possible
• Nucleoid

  • where the chromosomes are contained
• Ribosomes

  • attached to the endoplasmic reticulum or free floating in the cytoplasm
  • protein factory of the cell
• Cytoskeletons

  • network of fibers that are scattered throughout the entire cytoplasm, interconnecting some organelles
• Microtubules

  • helps maintain the shape of the cell and aid in movement
• Microfilaments

  • Provides contractility to some cells and aid in changing the shape of some cells
• Microbodies

  • very tiny membrane bound organelles that are scattered throughout the cytoplasm with free ribosomes
• what is the filipino word for cell?

  • SIHAY - Silid ng Buhay
• Spherical - round or oval cells

  • travel throughout the body to supply nutrients and remove wastes